無愧「人權園區」之名，樂生療養院保存將走向何方？――連結國際經驗，台灣文化民主紮根的叩問

Living up to the Name of“Human Rights Park”: The Future of Losheng Sanatorium’s Preservation- Connecting International Experience and the Question of Cultural Democratization

本文以樂生療養院近年重建計畫再次引來監察院糾正，以及院民生活與公共交流空間「蓬萊舍」遭受清除封閉一事出發，探索日本、南韓與馬來西亞各國的漢生病院遺產化經驗與歷史保存論述上，院民的權利主體地位如何透過法律明定或政府協商，得到確立、轉化、壓制或挪用？
同樣作為民主國家的日本與韓國，以司法訴訟、國家人權機構調查、立法補償等措施，逐步於規範文字面，正視強制隔離與疾病污名對漢生病友造成的人權侵害；紀念設施的國家義務，則未有更進一步的院民參與規範，有賴各國專業者的持續培力與議題保溫。馬來西亞的案例，則讓我們看見保留運動中官民協商的過程，如何可能在涉及殖民醫療、種族歧視、人權反省等面向上，面臨不同程度的保留與揀選過程？擬對台灣持續抵抗官方遺忘的保留運動留下見證，訴求包含人權、文化等更多元的政府機構參與，共同形塑樂生院的民主與人權價值。

This article commences with the corrective action issued by the Control Yuan in response to the recent redevelopment plan for Losheng Sanatorium, as well as the enforced closure of the patients’residential and communal space,“Peng Lai House”. It examines the heritage experiences of leprosy sanatoriums in Japan, South Korea, and Malaysia, with particular attention to how the rights and agency of patients have been defined, transformed, suppressed, or appropriated through legal frameworks or government negotiations in the context of historical preservation.
In democratic nations such as Japan and South Korea, judicial litigation, investigations by national human rights institutions, and legislative compensation measures have gradually addressed, in legal terms, the human rights violations caused by forced isolation and the stigmatization of leprosy patients. However, there has been no further regulatory involvement of the patients themselves in the state’s obligation to establish memorial facilities, relying instead on the continued efforts of professionals in each country to keep the issue alive. The case of Malaysia demonstrates how the negotiation process between the government and civil society in preservation efforts may face varying degrees of retention and selection, especially when considering aspects such as colonial medical practices, racial discrimination, and reflections on human rights. This serves as a testament to Taiwan’s ongoing preservation movement, which resists official amnesia and advocates for more diverse government participation, including human rights, cultural and other institutions, in shaping the democratic and human rights values of Losheng Sanatorium.