選舉活動中的記憶操控：以2018年選舉中韓國瑜陣營的心理工程為例

Unravelling Mnemonic Manipulations in Elec¬tioneering: Investigating Mind Engineering in the Han Camp during the 2018 Election

本研究旨在探討選舉活動中的記憶操控（mnemonic manipulation）。2018年台灣九合一選舉的結果，可用「韓流」（Han tide）的崛起及其外溢效應來解釋。本文試圖透過記憶研究的取徑，分析「韓流」的形成及其影響。儘管其他社會因素在「韓流」的形成中亦扮演了重要角色，本文認為韓國瑜的競選活動中有四個關鍵元素：（重新）定義當下為負面情境，並將注意力（重新）引導至未來；將焦點從政治轉移至經濟；鼓勵人們忘記政治過去，擁抱經濟未來；並運用覺醒敘事來推動變革。此外，本文在「韓流」背後的心理工程中還觀察到四個值得關注的面向：第一，透過轉移注意力來削弱反敘事（counter-narrative）所帶來的挑戰；第二，解決韓國瑜與高雄市缺乏共同過去的難題；第三，淡化或剔除(edit out)「我方陣營」的負面形象；以及第四，削弱民主進步黨所使用的記憶框架（mne¬monic framework）和懷舊資本（nostalgic capital）產生的效果。儘管記憶研究學者已指出集體記憶的政治意涵，本文進一步主張應通過探討更多實證案例，釐清集體記憶在政治場域中的影響力。

This study attempts to unravel mnemonic manipulation in electioneering. The results of the 2018 nine-in-one election in Taiwan can be explained by the“Han tide”and its spillover effects, and so this study aims to decipher the emergence of the Han tide using a memory-studies approach. While admitting that other social factors played a role in the formation of the Han tide, this study suggests that four elements were found in Han’s electioneering: (re)defining the present as negative and (re)directing attention to the future, switching the commemorative focus from politics to economics, encouraging people to forget the political past and embrace the economic future, and employing an awakening narrative to evoke change. More¬over, four additional aspects were observed in the Han tide: canceling the challenges of counter-narratives by redirecting people’s attention, solving the issue of lacking a shared past with Kaohsiung City, downplaying and/or editing“out”the negative aspects of“our side,”and degrading the mnemonic framing and nostalgic capital of the Democratic Progressive Party. Although scholars of memory studies have shed light on politics in memory, this study argues that memory in politics should also be emphasized by investigating more empirical cases.