我國女性原住民地方議員候選人當選因素之探討

Examining Factors Affecting the Election Out¬comes of Indigenous Women Running for Local Councilors in Taiwan

從1990年代開始，陸續有許多國家採用不同配額制度，以鼓勵或達成更高比例的女性政治代表性，我國目前在地方議員選舉所採用的婦女保障名額制度即為其一。國外研究成果證實配額制度對於提升女性參政具正面效果，而國內研究針對我國女性參政的研究，也指出婦女保障名額制度對於女性參政具有顯著的正面影響。但既有女性參政研究中，鮮少有針對女性原住民議員參政的探討，在兼具族群和性別雙重因素的交織下，影響原住民女性選舉表現的因素，是否和漢人女性候選人相似？在選區規模小的情形下，原住民選區少有能夠適用婦女保障名額制度，反而很多選區是單一選區，但是從2002年至2018年的選舉結果看來，無論是參選人或當選人，原住民女性的參選和當選情形皆呈現成長趨勢。究竟婦女保障名額制度、政治因素或是候選人背景特徵能否解釋女性原住民之參政？本文以候選人為分析單位，藉由分析2002年至2018年地方議員選舉資料，發現多數參選的女性候選人都有社團參與或政治相關歷練的經驗，國民黨籍提名或推薦、現任者身分皆有助於原住民女性候選人的當選機會和提高得票率，此與既有針對全國女性直轄市和縣市議員的研究發現相同；而婦女名額保障制度的影響則展現在促進參選動機誘因上；呼應既有族群投票取向的發現，候選人的族裔也和其當選機會或得票率有顯著關聯，阿美族、排灣族和泰雅族身分有助於候選人的選舉表現；最後，女性特質和透過問政表現打破性別刻版印象，有助於原住民女性參選人的選舉結果。

Since the 1990s, many countries have adopted various quota systems to pro¬mote higher levels of women’s political representation. International research con¬firm that such quota systems have had a positive impact on increasing women’s political participation. In Taiwan, studies on women’s political participation also shown that reserved seats for women have significantly boosted their involvement in politics. However, few existing studies have specifically focused on the political participation of indigenous women. The election results from 2002 to 2018 indicate a growing number of indigenous women running for and being elected to office. But what factors explain this increase in political participation? Is it the reserved seats for women system, political dynamics, or the background characteristics of the candidates that play the key role in encouraging indigenous women's involve¬ment in politics? This paper analyzes data from local councilor elections between 2002 and 2018 and finds that most female candidates have prior experience in com¬munity involvement or political-related activities. Additionally, KMT nomination or recommendation, as well as incumbent status, significantly contribute to the elec¬tion chances and vote share of indigenous female candidates. This paper analyzes the data of local councilor elections from 2002 to 2018, and finds that most of the female candidates have experience in community involvement or political-related experiences. KMT nomination or recommendation, as well as incumbent status, contribute to the election chances and vote share of indigenous female candidates, which aligns with existing research on women councilors at the national and mu¬nicipal levels. The impact of the reserved seats for women system is reflected in its role in motivating participation. In line with previous findings on ethnic voting patterns, a candidate’s ethnicity is also significantly associated with their election chances and vote share, with Amis, Paiwan, and Atayal ethnic background posi-tively influencing electoral performance. Lastly, female characteristics and breaking gender stereotypes through effective political performance help improve the election outcomes for indigenous female candidates.