經理人特質與作業風險事件──以台灣銀行業為例

Managers’Characteristics and Operational Risk Events–Evidence from Taiwanese Banking Industry

本研究主要探討台灣銀行業經理人特質（年資、教育程度與性別）是否影響作業風險事件的發生與損失。研究樣本包含31家商業銀行，研究期間為2010年至2019年。實證結果顯示，經理人年資對作業風險事件發生機率與損失具有倒U型效果，特別是「內部詐欺」與「作業流程」；高學歷經理人可以有效降低「內部詐欺」的發生與損失。次樣本分析顯示，家族銀行的經理人年資負向影響作業風險損失，越資深越能降低損失。當導入交乘項，相對於非金控（非官股）銀行，金控（官股）銀行的女性經理人可以降低作業風險事件的發生與損失。額外分析結果支持，作業風險管理必須落實到分行，且經理人進一步提升教育程度有利於作業風險的控管。整體而言，經理人具一定年資以上（經驗）與高教育程度（專業），以及女性經理人（風險趨避）可以降低作業風險的發生與損失。對於層出不窮的作業風險事件，研究結果可以提供董事會與金融監理單位之參考。

We mainly investigate whether managers’characteristics (tenure, educational level, and gender) influence the occurrence and losses of operational risk events using 31 Taiwanese commercial banks from 2010 to 2019. Our results find that managers’tenure has an inverted U-shaped effect on the probability of occurrence and losses of operational risk events, particularly Internal Fraud and Execution, Delivery, and Process Management. Highly educated managers can decrease Internal Fraud occurring and losses. Subsample analyses find that managers’tenure has a negative impact on operational risk losses, and more long-tenured managers can further mitigate operational risk losses for family-owned banks. When introducing interaction items, we find that female managers can decrease operational risk events occurring and losses for subsidiaries of financial holding companies (state-owned banks) than for independent (private) banks. Alternative analyses support that branch managers are closely associated with operational risk management and more highly educated managers can further control operational risk. Overall, managers with tenure over a certain threshold (experience) and high educational level (expertise), and female managers (risk aversion) can decrease operational risk events occurring and losses. Our findings can provide a reference for bank board of directors and financial regulators regarding the significant increase in operational risk events.