盛會無形文化襲產價值探索研究：以2017年臺北世界大學運動會開幕創意製作為例

The Exploratory Study of Intangible Legacy and Culture Value from Events: A Case Study on the Creative Production of Opening Ceremony at 2017 Universiade in Taipei

本研究採質性研究法，針對2017臺北世界大學運動會開幕文化活動襲產，與涉入盛會籌辦15位關鍵利害關係人，包含具決策權之政府官員、顧問、導演、聖火台設計團隊成員、舞蹈編排團隊成員、藝術管理成員、表演者等重要參與人員，進行半結構式訪談。使用內容分析法與情況分析紮根理論方法步驟發現，臺灣近期熱議的世代衝突現象，在需要大量藝術創意決策過程、多人共創的開幕文化節目製作中，被多位核心受訪者，一再提及。代際差異在階層流動緩慢的較凝固社會，感受相對劇烈；由於社會權力位置、資源掌握程度，年輕世代均不及年紀較長者，因此，在需要高度藝術創意決策的此文化盛會中，年輕世代受訪者指出，曾被壓抑創新決策權、資源運用；這些年輕世代，在過程中，是如何進行溝通、突圍，深具分析、探究價值。而大型文化盛會，作為一種社會交流、溝通與交陪過程，是否能藉此類事件、平台甚或成為公共領域，減緩或安頓世代對立？本研究試以相關理論，如情感結構詮釋、狂歡節民主化概念、盛會襲產的動態看法與多元競爭公共領域觀點等等，對此議題加以探討；研究結果呈現輔以對2017年臺北世界大學運動會開幕創意製作核心參與者的訪談內容擷取，試圖論述、勾勒此盛會活動遺留下的此種無形文化襲產價值面向之可能。

This research adopts the approach of qualitative methodology and focuses on the legacy of the opening ceremony at 2017 Summer Universiade. Fifteen key stakeholders from this event, who were the government officers, consultants, creative directors, designers of the cauldron art installation, choreographers, arts managers and performers were interviewed. Semi-structured interview method, content analysis and the method of situational grounded theory were conducted. The current hot topic on the issue of generational conflict in Taiwan was mentioned many times in the context of interviews. In the creative decision-making processes during arts production within this scale of event’s opening ceremony, many people with different power distances had been involved in. Therefore, in terms of the hierarchical position within social stratification and the availability of resources, the members from younger generations could not compete against the older ones. In the society with the characteristic of slow social mobility, inter-generational conflict might be felt severely. In the case of this research, many interviewees from younger generations mentioned that they experienced the pressure from the members of older ones in terms of creative decision making on arts production and the availability of resources. How the younger generations communicating with older ones and dealing with this circumstance are explored. Mega events, as a platform to facilitate communication on social and cultural issues, an intermediary or public sphere, may play a role to mitigate the inter-generational conflict. The discussion section brings the theories such as ''structure of feeling'', the concept of democratization implicated in Bakhtin's Concept of Carnival, Chappelet's perspectives on the legacies from hosting events and the multiple publics from Nancy Fraser. Some direct quotations from the interviews have been demonstrated to describe and to explain the cultural value and social impact of the legacies of hosting this event in Taiwan.