文化權利之論述取徑與文化影響評估

Discursive Approaches to the Concept of Cultural Rights and Cultural Impact Assessment

國內外原住民族權利爭取歷經許多衝突與抗爭，然而原住民族文化權利遭受侵奪的事件，至今仍層出不窮。在此背景下，本文提出以「文化影響評估機制」作為保障原住民族文化權利的可能方法，透過層層推衍，從文化的普遍權與特殊權、原住民族文化權利，到文化權利與文化影響評估之間的關係，剖析文化權利所涵納的三個論述取徑：「普遍權與特殊權的銜接」、「文化權利與多重權利的銜接」以及「文化權利與執行機制的銜接」，探討文化權利的殊異與普同如何相互補述、反饋與銜接，文化權利與其他多重他者間、如何進行接軌與發生作用，文化權利與文化影響評估機制間存在何種交互關係，而機制又是如何強化與保障原住民族文化權利等，都是本文欲探究的課題。
本研究發現，三個論述取徑中的兩方之間，彼此都存在互為主體的雙向辯證關係，不但雙向擴充了特殊與普同文化權利概念上的詮釋，也梳理了文化權利與其他權利間的動態關係，更推展至機制上的特殊與普同。透過機制的特殊化設計，將普遍的文化權與特殊權接合，拓展了機制可能的影響與作用，使原住民族特殊權利得以被正視、考量，達到權利的普遍實踐，進而保障與強化原住民族文化權利，也突顯文化影響評估機制之運作對於文化權利實踐的重要性。

The acquisition of the rights of international indigenous peoples has gone through many conflicts, but the incidents of the indigenous peoples' cultural rights that have been violated so far have continued to emerge. Under this background, this study advocates the ''cultural impact assessment mechanism'' as a possible method to strengthen and protect the cultural rights of indigenous peoples. This study takes three discourse approaches: ''the connection between universal rights and special rights'', ''the connection between cultural rights and multiple rights'' and ''the connection between cultural rights and enforcement mechanisms'', and analyze the relationship between cultural rights and others. These are the topics that the study intends to explore.
This research finds that there is a two-way dialectical relationship between the two parties in the three discourse approaches, which not only expands the conceptual interpretation of special and universal cultural rights, but also sorts out cultural rights and other rights. The dynamic relationship between them is further extended to the specificity and commonality of the mechanism. Through the special design of the mechanism, the universal rights and the special rights are combined, and the possible influence and function of the mechanism are expanded, so that the special rights of the indigenous peoples can be considered, so as to achieve the universal practice of rights. It also further highlights the importance of cultural impact assessment mechanism for the practice of cultural rights.