起於玄理，終於邊塞──李頎何以成為「邊塞詩人」

Starting from Interpretation of Profound Theories and Ending in Frontier—How Did Li Qi Become a“Frontier Poet＂

李頎詩今存130首，邊塞詩僅僅5首。然其以如此稀少之邊塞詩，卻被文學史視為「邊塞詩人」，此一現象本就是一個耐人尋味的議題。本文釐清李頎在「唐人選唐詩」中，被載錄之詩作多並非以邊塞詩為主，殷璠《河岳英靈集》更指出其「玄理最長」。李頎被「建構」為邊塞詩人，有三個關鍵原因。其一：中國文學史書寫盛唐，往往「自然詩派」與「邊塞詩派」對舉，前者的成員係淵源於「王孟韋柳儲」之並稱傳統，後者若僅有「高岑」，無以成派，勢必策略性納入李頎、王昌齡、崔顥、王翰等人。其二：明清詩學「高岑王李」並稱的存在，致使後世接受李頎易於與「邊塞」產生聯想。其三：考察歷來唐詩選本，〈古從軍行〉、〈古意〉反覆被載錄，呈現「經典化」軌跡，典範作品的存在，更奠定其文學史中「邊塞詩人」的定位。

Although only 5 of Li Qi’s 130 extant poems are on frontier themes, he is regarded as a“frontier poet”in literary history, raising an intriguing question. This study reveals that most of his works in the Tang Selection of Tang Poems are not primarily frontier poems. Yin Fan’s Collection of Heroes of Heyue even notes that Li Qi’s strength lies in“the interpretation of profound theories”.Three factors contributed to Li Qi’s construction as a frontier poet. First, during the flourishing Tang Dynasty, Chinese literary history often juxtaposed the“Natural Poetry School”and the“Frontier Poetry School”. To solidify the latter, poets like Li Qi, Wang Chang Ling, Cui Hao, and Wang Han et al. were included alongside“Gao Cen”. Second, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the phrase“Gao Cen, Wang Li”reinforced the association of Li Qi with frontier poetry. Third, historical anthologies frequently highlighted Li Qi’s poem Ancient Journey in the Army, establishing it as a classic. This exemplification further cemented his reputation as a“frontier poet”in the literary canon.