影響中文文本可讀性之句子難度因素探究

A Study on the Difficulty of Chinese Sentences Affecting the Readability of Chinese Texts

近年來，中文閱讀理解能力的重要性逐漸受到重視。主要是因為中文閱讀理解能力的影響層面很廣，不論是在以中文為母語的習得或以中文為二語的習得的過程中，閱讀理解都被視為重要的能力展現之一。關於閱讀理解能力的影響，從詞彙或語法至篇章，皆涉及句子的難度與複雜程度（Hong et al. 2020；唐玉玲、于東2020），因此在中文作為二語的教學中，組成句子的詞彙與語法常作為判斷閱讀能力程度的標準（Silberstein 1987），然而，對於中文句子難度的相關研究，多僅以單一指標來探討，有的研究僅討論詞彙特徵的複雜性（Ye and Qiu 2008；蔡美智2010；陳旻祺2013；陳司恩2019）、有的研究僅討論特定單一語法句式的多樣性（張莉萍2005；肖奚強等人2009；陳珺2010；王昱勻2021），缺乏具整合性的客觀量化標準，以致於對於量化句子難度、選擇特徵量化句子難度，尚未得到共識（鄭錦全2005；Ye and Qiu 2008；龐成2016；吳思遠等人2020）。
因此，本研究以語料庫語言學為本，從中文文本的角度，透過中文語法數位平台探究詞彙複雜性與語法複雜性對中文句子難度的影響，並以量化訊息層面進行詞彙與語法的難度排序，再以華語八千詞表、本文可讀性指標自動化分析系統以及國際中文教育中文水平等級標準進行驗證，比對各項語法之難度，進而建立具系統性及客觀性的中文語法點難度排序，以輔助中文作為二語的句子教學，提升中文為二語之學習者的句子理解能力與閱讀能力。

The importance of reading comprehension has been increasingly recognized in recent years, with its wide-ranging impact. Whether in the acquisition of Chinese as first language or as second language, reading comprehension is considered as one of crucial skills. The influence of reading comprehension spans from vocabulary and grammar to discourse, all of which involve the difficulty and complexity of sentences (Hong et al. 2020; Tang and Yu 2020). Therefore, in teaching Chinese as a second language, the vocabulary and grammar that make up sentences are often used as criteria for accessing reading proficiency (Silberstein 1987). However, existing studies on the difficulty of Chinese sentences often focus on single indicators. Some studies only discuss the complexity of lexical features (Ye and Qiu 2008; Tsai 2010; Chen 2013; Chen 2019), while others focus on the diversity of specific grammatical structures (Chang 2005􀀑Xiao et al. 2009; Chen 2010; Wang 2021). Some studies even lack integrated and objective quantitative standards (Cheng 2005; Ye and Qiu 2008; Pang 2016; Wu et al. 2020).
Thus, this study, grounded in corpus linguistics, investigates the influence of lexical and syntactic complexity on the difficulty of Chinese sentences through the Digital Platform of Chinese Grammar. It quantitatively ranks the difficulty of vocabulary and grammar, and validates these rankings using the 8000 Vocabulary List, the Chinese Readability Index Explorer 3.0, and the Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education. By comparing the difficulty of various grammatical structures, this study establishes a systematic and objective ranking of Chinese grammar difficulty. This ranking aims to assist in the teaching of Chinese sentence, enhancing the sentence comprehension abilities and overall reading proficiency of Chinese as a second language learners.