什麼是公正轉型？歷史脈絡、理論取向與在地化的展望

Just Transition: Conceptual Histories, Theoretical Discussions, and the Prospect of Localization

全球氣候危機的嚴重性日增，臺灣政府制定了「2050淨零排放」的目標，並將「公正轉型」列為核心戰略之一。基於此政策背景，這篇研究議題討論旨在探討「公正轉型」的概念流變，並藉以思考其在臺灣背景下的意義與挑戰。本文首先回顧公正轉型的概念史，探討其如何在環境污染及勞工權益的爭議中浮現，並且在國際氣候治理場域成為主流典範，但也因論述範疇擴展，對於如何達到公正的低碳社會，開展出多種潛在衝突的想像和政策提案。我們接著深度回顧兩個和公正轉型相關的學術核心議題：（一）勞工在就業權和環境污染間的拉鋸；（二）公正轉型和環境、氣候與能源正義概念的交互對話。整體而言，我們將公正轉型視為一個「觸發型概念」，其重要性在於凸顯了邁向淨零排放過程中的各種爭議和不平等，豐富了既有能源和氣候治理的論述視野。最後，我們也具體討論公正轉型概念目前的局限和發展瓶頸。公正轉型聚焦氣候議題中的社會面，把轉型過程中的不平等納入視野，超越過往以技術為主軸的傾向，相關研究特別需要跨領域與系統性觀點，而社會學能為臺灣在地脈絡的公正轉型研究作出貢獻。

This study examines the trajectory of the“just transition”concept, and considers its implications for intellectual and policy contexts in Taiwan. To address the climate crisis, the government has established a“net-zero emissions by 2050”goal, and identified“just transition”as a core strategy. The paper starts by tracing the emergence of just transition discourses in environmental and labor disputes, and the mainstreaming of the idea in response to global climate governance. Two key academic issues related to just transition are reviewed: the effects of theorizing environmental labor studies on the labor-environment relationship, and dialogues between just transition and three type of justice: environmental, climate and energy. We analyze“just transition”as a sensitizing concept that foregrounds specific controversies and inequalities associated with the net-zero goal, thus broadening the discourse involving energy and climate governance.
Finally, we highlight the limitations and development bottlenecks currently associated with the just transition concept, which also emphasizes the social dimensions of climate governance, and consequently helps the field move beyond technocentric agenda-setting. Equally important, the concept encourages intersectional, interdisciplinary and systematic perspectives, thus providing sociologists with an entry point for contributing to climate-related dialogues and interventions.