從《管子四篇》定靜言說談情緒管理之可能

On Jingjingyan from Four Articles of Guanzi: The Possibility of Emotional Management

人透過感官獲取外在環境的訊息，當外在訊息過度紛雜，造成人的察覺力和內省能力逐一失衡，容易引起情緒上的不安，如《老子》第12章云：「五色令人目盲；五音令人耳聾；五味令人口爽；馳騁畋獵，令人心發狂」使人失去天生本能的敏銳性而尋求外在感官刺激，當無法滿足自身欲望時，即產生負面情緒如憂、思、怒鬱，對於憂、思、怒鬱過度發散，心神無法安定下，健康、生活將產生極大影響。由於情緒內涵來自於心靈對事物的反應，因此本文嘗試以《管子》四篇「治心」概念針對情緖問題提出一套具有哲學論述之觀點，《管子》所謂「定心在中」，即強調情緒管理之要點乃在於心靈之定靜。當然本文以心氣互相影響之觀點，認為氣化形體之養護也相當重要，唯有如此，學者在形、神互攝交養下，方能夠修心攝德達到理想的身心狀態。本文依據〈內業〉「內靜外敬，性將大定」之立場，認為內靜外敬之說實與儒家道家思想有關，因此進一步討論「靜」與「敬」之哲學義涵，將是本文建構管子四篇定靜工夫對於情緒管理之重要一環。

People obtain information from the external environment through their senses. When the external information is too complex, it causes an imbalance in people's awareness and introspection abilities, which can easily lead to emotional uneasiness. For example, Chapter 12 of“Laozi”says:“The five colors are eye-catching.”Blind; the five tones are deafening; the five tastes are refreshing; galloping and hunting make the heart go crazy. It causes people to lose their natural instinctive acuity and seek external sensory stimulation. When they cannot satisfy their own desires, they will produce negative emotions such as worry and thoughts. Anger and depression, excessive divergence of worries, thoughts, anger and depression, the inability to stabilize the mind, will have a great impact on health and life. Since the connotation of emotions comes from the mind's reaction to things, this article attempts to use the concept of“healing the heart”in four chapters of“Guanzi”to propose a set of philosophical treatment viewpoints on emotional issues.“Guanzi”calls“centering the mind in the middle”, which emphasizes that the key point of emotional management lies in the calmness of the mind. Of course, this article takes the perspective of the mutual influence of mind and qi and believes that the maintenance of qi-shaped body is also very important. Only in this way can scholars cultivate the mind and virtue to achieve an ideal physical and mental state with the mutual support of form and spirit. Based on the position of“Neiye”:“Inner tranquility and external respect, one's nature will be settled”. This article believes that the theory of inner tranquility and external respect is actually related to Confucianism and Taoism. Therefore, it further discusses the philosophical meanings of“quiet”and“respect”. This article is an important part of the construction of Guanzi's four chapters on Dingjing Gongfu for emotional management.