臺灣海洋保護區執法策略之探討──以美加為借鏡

劃設海洋保護區（Marine Protected Areas, MPA）被視為拯救漁業資源枯竭及海洋生物多樣性喪失，既節省成本且具效力的方式。但許多MPA因沒有落實管理，恐成為「紙上公園」，而加強執法則是關鍵之一。我國MPA執法雖有相關執法或協助執法單位進行管理，但仍面臨執法效果不彰、執法人力有限、沒有完善執法計畫等困境。本研究藉由參考美國及加拿大「海洋保育警察」制度，以提升我國MPA執法效能，建議策略如下：（一）短程：應完善海洋保育相關法規的建立，加強各MPA主管機關與執法單位的橫向合作。（二）中程：建立海洋保育警察制度，加強專業技能訓練，提升對轄區的法規理解，並每年辦理復訓，以了解最新法規。（三）長程：編列預算，建立海洋保育警察的巡邏能量，提升執法效能。

The designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) is regarded as the most effective way to save the depletion of fishery resources and the loss of marine biodiversity. However, many MPAs may become "Paper Parks" because they have not managed well. One of the keys to effective management is to increase the intensity of law enforcement. Although law enforcement in Taiwan’s MPAs is overseen by the relevant enforcement and supporting units, Taiwan still faces challenges such as ineffective enforcement, limited manpower and resources for maritime patrols, and an imperfect enforcement plan within MPAs. By referring to the "marine conservation officer" system in the United States and Canada to improve the effectiveness of MPA law enforcement in Taiwan, the suggested strategies are as follows: (1) Short-term: Improve the establishment of relevant marine conservation regulations and enhance collaboration between various MPA authorities and the Coast Guard for coordinated law enforcement. (2) Medium-term: Establish a system of marine conservation police, and strengthen professional skills training to enhance understanding of regulations within their jurisdiction. Conduct annual refresher training to stay updated on the latest provisions. (3) Long-term: Allocate budget to establish a patrolling capacity for marine conservation police, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement.