從中立到中立臺灣的兩岸思考與一個方案

如何超越傳統的統獨之爭，又如何解决兩岸問題，一向有很多的提議與可能性，但却常忽略了一個有極大潜力的路子：中立臺灣。呂秀蓮曾花大功夫來推動和平中立運動與公投，但走了一半就停止，西方研究中立的學者也曾嘗試以中立視角來思考兩岸與臺灣的未來，但問題也很多。本文一方面基于過去中立研究的基礎，另方面則要擺脫過去親美自由派的中立國觀點，企圖從一個反戰與國際左翼的立場，提出一個左翼的中立臺灣觀點。中立研究學者近年來提出一個重要的歷史與國際法的概念區分：有主權的中立VS.沒有主權而只有地域的中立（territorial neutrality）。本文即利用這個區分，幷加以改裝來放進一個左翼的兩岸框架中，來思考兩岸及美國可能如何響應兩種中立臺灣方案（一個是有主權的中立臺灣、一個是只有地域中立的臺灣）。在這思考的過程中，本文也廣泛地使用對歐洲中立國從二戰到後冷戰時代的豐富研究，還有對東南亞國家在後冷戰時代如何開拓中立路綫之當代研究，以及對美國近年來的國際帝國霸權、以及它如何在東亞圍堵中國的國際左翼研究，幷以這三類的研究來支持與認證一個左翼中立臺灣的可行性。最後，就對各種立場的區辨而言，本文對臺灣的左獨、國民黨的九二共識、還有大中國邦聯制等思想都做出區隔與評論。幷建議九二共識、乃至大中國聯邦方案都還需要更往前發展，幷與左翼的中立臺灣觀點作對話與互相連系，以便能够在未來兩岸協商過程中形成一個有力的方案。

There were many proposals concerning how to go beyond the conventional debates of unification vs. independence in Taiwan, but one potentially very important alternative was often ignored. Former Vice-President Lu Hsiu-lien had organized a movement of neutral Taiwan but stopped half-way, western neutrality scholars had analyzed neutrality historically and applied it to Taiwan, but left many problems unsolved. Based on three kinds of neutrality studies in the past, this article intends to construct a perspective of left-wing Taiwan neutrality: former neutrality studies on European neutral states after WWII, contemporary studies on the neutral and non-aligned developments in South East Asia, and international left-wing studies on the imperial hegemony of America and its containment strategy against China in Pacific’s first islands chains. This article frames an argument of Taiwan’s left-wing neutrality especially in terms of a distinction between neutrality with sovereignty, and territorial neutrality without sovereignty. Thus it considers the pros and cons of these two kinds of neutrality for Taiwan. By virtue of this distinction plus a left-wing international political perspective, this article claims that it has solved problems left by neutrality scholars and also provides a balanced platform to evaluate how PRC and US, the two great powers of Taiwan’s cross-strait, would respond to and negotiate a proposal of left-wing Neutrality Taiwan. This article concludes by separating this neutrality position from other positions concerning cross-strait problems: left-wing independence of Taiwan, One-China policy as conceived by Taiwan’s KMT, and the confederation proposal (of one big China) containing China, Taiwan, and may be more. The left-wing neutrality position of this article especially urges the confederation proposal going forward to dialogue and to connect with neutrality Taiwan in order to forge a unified position in the future negotiation with Mainland China.