台灣家庭暴力加害人處遇計劃療效之評估

目的：本研究主要目的在評估家庭暴力加害人的特徵，以及接受處遇計畫與未接受處遇計畫的再犯情形，並評估加害人參加團體治療的評價。方法：本研究採用1：4個案對照法，由法官轉介接受認知教育輔導的家庭暴力加害人14人作為治療組，而未接受治療者的人為對照組，比較兩組加害人的特徵與再犯情形。處遇計畫是一個為期18週，每週一次的治療方案，該方案融合教育和認知行為治療取向，以團體心理治療模式為主。其中實驗組的定義為接受治療課程一半以上者；觀察其與未治療者（對照組）的再犯之差異，並訪視被害人，評估家庭暴力犯罪危險性是否因治療而降低，以作為療效評估。結果：77位家庭暴力加害人，教育程度高中以上較多，約有80%沒有工作，約1／4的人在未滿20歲時結婚，被害人皆為女性，被害人對婚姻、性生活滿意的不多。被害人普遍認為加害人有喝酒習慣，少數有吸毒和賭博的行為。在核發保護令後部份加害人對被害人仍有行為和經濟的控制，少數對小孩有暴力行為，懷疑被害人外遇的比例不低，部份加害人甚至會威脅恐嚇被害人娘家的人。不管是實驗或對照組，在第一個月約有2／3的加害人仍有暴力行為，包括身體、言語、精神或性虐待。雖然實驗組和對照組部份的加害人仍有身體、言語、精神或性虐待的暴力行為，但是加害人參加認知教育輔導團體的評價，則表示對自己是有幫助的，其中選擇「我將尷尬的事講出來，團體還是會接納我」最多，其次是「我瞭解要為自己暴力行為負起責任」、「團體成員會建議或勸告我怎麼做」，顯示加害人從團體治療中得到正面的幫助。結論：受限於接受處遇的個案數較少，有無接受處遇計畫的加害人暴力再犯並沒有差異，但只要有裁定保護令的加害人，其暴力行為皆有減少趨勢，且接受處遇的加害人對團體評價認為是有正面的助益。

Background: The aims of this project were to compare the characteristics and reoffense rate between treatment and non-treatment groups. Method: This is a 1:4 case control study. Fourteen domestic violence offenders who had undergone an 18-week cognitive-psychoeducation course were selected as the experimental group, with approximately sixty-three analogs not undergoing any treatment, and matched with experiment group for age, marital status, domestic violence, and substance abuse, enrolled as controls. The principal enrollment criterion for the experimental group was completion of at least 50% of the cognitive-psychoeducation course. The victims' quality of life, and the reoffense incidence of domestic violence were compared before and after completion of the course. All data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows Version 10. 0. Results: All offenders were male. Rates of reoffending were not significantly different comparing the treatment and control groups. Individuals in the treatment group felt the program was of help, however. For the domestic offenders, the salient characteristics were impulsivity, emotional disturbance, poor communication especially within the family, and alcohol use. The timing of domestic-violence intervention is also important. Discussin: Although the violence would be decreased either treatment or non-treatment group, the member in the treatment group felt helpful after receiving treatment.