團體反治療性因素量表之發展與編制

團體中產生了什麼而促使團體產生治療性或有助於改變的機制，是許多團體工作者以及研究者關心的課題，然而從反方向來看團體可能產生的反治療性動力，在過去的相關文獻中卻較被忽略。本研究係根據作者過去所做的一系列基礎性、探索性的研究結果，主要目的在編制評量「團體反治療性因素」之量表。本研究共徵得17個機構共25個團體289人的參與研究同意後，於每次團體進行後隨即施測。所得資料透過因素分析分析量表的建構效度，再根據因素分析後的量表結構考驗量表的內部一致性信度以及同時效度。在因素分析方面，本研究共取得六個反治療性因素，分別命名為：缺乏投入、自我揭露的抑制、負面感受的喚起、缺席、與自己期望不符、以及不信任，共可解釋18.21%的變異量。在內部一致性信度考驗方面，本研究採Cronbach α係數考驗，結果發現「團體反治療性因素量表」各因素之內部一致性介於.67至.85之間，顯示量表有可接受到良好的內部一致性。在同時效度方面，本研究採用MacKenzie（1983）的「團體氣氛問卷」（Group Climate Questionnaire，簡稱GCQ）以及Stiles & Snow（1984）的「過程評量問卷」（Session Evaluation Questionnaire，簡稱SEQ）為評量外在關連效標之評量工具。經過Pearson積差相關考驗後發現：1）一半以上的團體反治療性因素與團體氣氛中的「衝突」有顯著的正相關，而各因素與「逃避」間的相關均未達顯著水準；2）團體反治療性因素與團體過程中的「流暢性」與「正向性」大都有顯著的負相關，但與「激動性」並無顯著相關。根據研究結果，本研究提出討論與建議。

The group therapeutic factors and change-mechanism have been paid a lot of attentions by group workers and researchers. In contrast, the issues of group anti-therapeutic factors have been ignored for a long time. The major purpose of this study was to develop a scale on the assessment of group anti-therapeutic factors based on previous research conducted by these researchers. Seventeen institutions with twenty-five groups volunteered to participate in this study. Right after each group session, each group member filled out a ''Anti-therapeutic Scale''. The major findings of this study were as follow: 1. Construct validity: through factor analysis, this study found six factors, namely lack of involvement, inhibition of self-disclosure, arousal of negative feelings, absence, inconsistency of expectations, and lack of trust. 2. Internal consistence reliability: Cronbach α coefficient showed .67-.85 among sub-scales. 3. Concurrent validity: half of anti-therapeutic factors were significantly correlated with ''conflict'' of the GCQ, while no factor was correlated significantly with ''avoidance.'' Most of anti-therapeutic factors were significantly correlated with ''smoothness'' and ''positivity'' of the SEQ; however, no correlation existed among anti-therapeutic factors and ''arousal''. Based on the findings above, discussion and suggestion were presented by these researchers.