淺談新加坡調解公約對我國調解法制的啟發

世界各國隨著經濟活動增加及人民權利意思抬頭，私權糾紛逐漸增加，牽涉議題也日趨複雜。司法機關囿於訴訟制度、人力來源等諸多原因，有其侷限性，顯然無法單以訴訟方式解決紛爭。尤其，在跨國訴訟事件，因為涉及法律規範的差異及境外證據的取得，乃至於強制執行的可否，對於司法機關及當事人而言，都是沉重的負擔，訴訟外紛爭解決的需求應運而生。聯合國於2018年12月20日通過「聯合國關於調解所產生之國際和解協議公約（United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation）」，針對經調解而成立的國際和解協議（Settlement Agreements），賦予強制執行的效力及證明紛爭解決的效力。同時間，我國2017年司法改革國是會議決議應制訂調解法，司法院隨後亦依前開決議完成「調解基本法」草案初稿供各界表示意見；商業事件審理法於2020年1月15日修正公布，於2021年7月1日施行，其內亦有針對商業事件的調解加以規範。本文擬從聯合國關於調解所產生之國際和解協議公約出發，論及調解基本法及商業事件審理法，探討將之融入我國調解法制的可能性。

With the increase of economic activities and the rise of people's rights across the globe, the number of private disputes has been increasing gradually, and the issues involved have become more and more complicated. The judicial resources are rather limited owing to the nature of litigation system, human resources and other reasons. It is obviously impossible to quickly and effectively solve the disputes by bringing litigation alone. In particular, in the case of cross-border litigation, it is a heavy burden for both the judiciary and the parties due to the differences in legal norms involved and the difficulties of acquiring evidence outside the country. The need for Alternative Dispute Resolution has hence arisen. On December 20, 2018, the United Nations adopted the“United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation,”which grants enforceability and proof of dispute resolution to international settlement agreements (Settlement Agreements) established through mediation. At the same time, the 2017 National Conference on Judicial Reform resolved that a mediation law should be enacted, and the Judicial Yuan subsequently completed the preliminary draft of the“Basic Mediation Law”for public comment in accordance with the former resolution. Commercial Case Adjudication Act was amended and promulgated on January 15, 2020, and came into effect on July 1, 2021, which also regulates mediation in commercial matters. In this paper, the author would like to explore the possibility of incorporating the United Nations Convention on International Conciliation Agreements relating to the Production of Mediation into the mediation legal system of Taiwan, Republic of China from the perspectives of the United Nations Convention on International Conciliation Agreements relating to the Production of Mediation. In sum, this paper discusses the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, and explores the possibility of integrating it into the mediation legal system of our country.