日本入侵琉球後明朝對日的警戒

本文探討1609年日本入侵琉球後，明對日採取了怎樣的警戒行動。日本為與明進行壬辰戰爭的講和交涉令琉球向明遣使，但明對琉球及其背後的日本高度警戒，命琉球十年後進貢。琉球遭入侵後明開始懷疑重啟對日貿易的朝鮮，並警惕雞籠、淡水會接連遭受入侵。通倭者眾的福建、浙江及坐擁諸多日本人居住之澳門的廣東戒備提升，廣東當局將日本人驅離澳門並禁止日後收留日本人。村山等安策劃的臺灣遠征軍之一部襲擊福建、浙江，廣東當局再度向澳門嚴禁蓄留日本人。而在浙江，日本入侵浙江的謠言四起，騷動蔓延，浙江巡撫將朝鮮傳來的情報示眾試圖平息騷亂。此後日本對來自明的接近只做最低限度的回應。打破海禁的明商人已到日本展開貿易，降低了和談的必要性。

This article examines the Ming’s vigilance towards Japan after the latter’s invasion of Ryukyu in 1609. Japan made Ryukyu approach the Ming to negotiate peace after the Imjin War and to resume trade between them. However, the Ming was wary of Ryukyu because of Japan’s influence and ordered Ryukyu to pay tribute after ten years. After the invasion of Ryukyu, the Ming became suspicious of Joseon, which had resumed trade with Japan, and was wary of possible Japanese invasions of Keelung and Tamsui. This vigilance was heightened in Fujian and Zhejiang, where many people were engaged in illegal trade with Japan, and in Guangdong, as many Japanese lived in Macau. Guangdong provincial officials expelled Japanese residents from Macau and prohibited them from living there. When part of Murayama Tōan’s expeditionary force attacked Fujian and Zhejiang, Guangdong officials again banned the Japanese from Macau. Rumours circulated in Zhejiang that Japan would invade, but the grand coordinator of Zhejiang denied that rumour, passing on information about Japan which Joseon had conveyed to the Ming. Subsequently, Japan did not respond positively to the Ming’s overtures because many Ming traders visited Japan illegally to trade, and the need for peace negotiations consequently decreased.