性罪犯團體治療十年研究之回顧暨展望

Psychotherapy Group for Taiwanese Sex-offenders: A 10-year Review

本文回顧筆者六篇性侵害相關實證研究及與九位實務工作者訪談之質性資料，以探究我國性罪犯治療處遇工作執行十年後之整體成效與困難，其中涉及的議題有：各類型性加害者在參與團體時之特色、團體治療其療效與療效因子、不同場域之治療團體其差異與特色，及領導者自陳之困境與對他們造成之影響等。結果發現臺灣各類型性加害者無論在病理發展、犯罪手法及治療療效上皆有不同，如兒童性侵害犯較強暴犯有更多正向改變，高、中、低三組中以中危險度之療效最高，而整體療效反映在情緒向度上，團體前期成員阻抗較高，衝突高療效因子集中於家庭重現與自我了解，而中後期成員較為投入，衝突下降又上昇以人際學習為主要因子。一般而言，社區之治療比監所之治療難度高且更為強調再犯預防技術之應用及更需要行政體系之支持與配合；而治療師自陳之困境包括需克服其本身對性加害者之偏見，缺乏此類治療之知識與技術，且較不易取得成員的正向回饋等，而團體為治療師帶來之正面影響為對週遭環境安全較為敏感，其負面影響確有產生替代性創傷之症狀。

The paper reviews the author's six published empirical studies on Taiwanese sex-offenders and through in-depth interviews of nine group leaders attempts to understand the effectiveness of group psychotherapy and the difficulties and impacts on group leaders of leading these kind of groups over the past ten years. The paper focuses on primary themes of the therapeutic changes and perceived therapeutic factors from different types and risk levels of sex-offenders; the presenting group atmosphere in different group phases; the perceived difficulties of leading this type of group and the positive/negative impacts on group leaders. The paper examines the consistent foundlings across six empirical papers, and then addresses the practical difficulties of running this type of group for sex-offenders. Finally, current applications and recommendations for future policy are offered in the paper.