自我與團體——團體治療在護理領域應用之自我案例分析

SELF AND GROUP–Applied Group Therapy in Nursing Through the Analysis of Personal Experience

團體治療是精神衛生護理人員需要具備的能力，但是團體治療在護理領域應用之資料與文獻仍很缺乏。作者以個人經驗研究法，整理與團體有關的個人內在與外在經驗，以及不同時空的團體互動經驗，旨在找出不同時空團體治療情境的學習方法，以及應用的範圍。本文結果呈現兩大主題：學習的情境與團體的形態，由學習的情境，指出初期團體經驗的重要，指出團體的進展方式及各團體與自我發展的特性。在癌症病人的團體，顯示熟悉個案背景及與同事合作的必要性；精神疾病患者的團體，顯示以研究解決自我的困境，及單面境之錄影對團體成員自我的影響；學生實習的團體，顯示臨床團體治療的教學方式，及學生由此經驗中出現自我轉化的內容；課室教學的團體，顯示在促進成長的團體情境中，師生之自我應具備的角色；訓練臨床專業人員的團體，找出以鏡照法幫助團體治療指導者檢查其自我；異國的團體治療經驗，顯示異國文化的衝擊對自我的傷害，在小團體經驗中得到重建。本研究中關於學習的情境之發現，可提供團體初學者參考，關於團體形態的說明，可協助團體治療者了解團體與自我的關係，促進團體治療理論與實務的發展。

Group therapy would be a powerful tool for psychiatric nursing care if it was appropriately applied by clinical practitioner. However, lack of applicable research data remained a major obstacle for application to the field of clinical nursing. This paper attempts to analyze individual experience as a proper way for nurses to learn group therapy. Through the personal experience method, two themes were generated. One was created context of group therapy, and the other was self development in the variety of groups. In the created context, the author addressed observational strategies, experience in therapy group, skills in personal encounter, and social experience for psychiatric nurses. In different group experience, the self was developed in various ways. From the examples of group therapy for cancer patients and their families, the author indicated strategies to understand clients and collaborate with other colleagues. From the group for mental ill clients, the author suggested conducting research to solve the problem and promoting self perception through examining videotape which was recorded through one- way mirror during group process. From the supervision group for registered nurses, the meaning of mirror reaction was detected. In a dissimilar cultural group, the author identified the process of self reconstruction. The findings provided a means for nurses to be effective in facilitating group therapy and to recreate self in therapeutic groups.