接軌國際：高等教育雙語化之發展與展望

BRIDGING THE GLOBE: DEVELOPMENT OF AND PROSPECTS FOR BILINGUALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION

研究目的
本研究透過文獻計量分析，梳理高等教育雙語化研究在國際學術舞臺的發展軌跡，並縷析其潛在的智識結構，研究結果將有助於國內尋繹未來高等教育雙語化之研究議題以及擬定相關政策之可行性。
研究設計／方法／取徑
本研究以收錄於Web of Science（WoS）資料庫的期刊文章為範圍，以文獻計量方法歸納並分析歷年高等教育雙語化之研究，進一步剖析國際相關研究之概況，提供國內教研人士參考。本研究針對共計2,063篇英語期刊進行關鍵詞共現分析、共被引以及共引用分析，建構高等教育雙語化研究領域之發展趨勢、智識結構及互動關係。
研究發現或結論
本研究歸納下列研究結果：一、國際間高等教育雙語化研究呈現成長趨勢，主要以美國、英國、西班牙及中國大陸為首，不但累積龐大研究文獻，同時也涵蓋相當多元的研究主題。二、文獻共被引網絡圖顯示，國際上重要的學者和文獻發表多集中在英美兩國，推測因其特殊的地緣政治和文化遺緒，使雙語化教育無法和族裔議題脫鉤。三、關鍵字共現分析結果顯示，高等教育雙語化研究主題雖涵蓋範圍廣，但彼此間的智識結構均有緊密的連結，顯示雙語化教育研究領域內的相關議題間有著密不可分的關係。
研究原創性／價值
目前國內關於雙語化、雙語教育及全英語授課的學術文獻，多以個案分析、問卷調查結合質性訪談研究為主；相關實徵性研究相對匱乏。本研究透過文獻計量分析方法，系統性梳理相關研究發展軌跡，描繪國際雙語化教育研究的樣貌，作為國內未來相關研究之基礎。
教育政策建議或實務意涵
自本研究勾勒雙語化教育研究的發展樣貌發現，國內在該領域的實徵研究相當匱乏且單一；國外研究文獻涵蓋多元的議題和研究方法，實為借鏡。有鑑於此，建議國內在雙語化教育研究增加多元研究方法的運用，並進行更多嚴謹的縱貫性和實徵性研究，以豐富具有臺灣本地特色的雙語化教育研究資源，進而提升國際競爭力。

Purpose
This study uses bibliometric analysis to examine the development of research on bilingual higher education on the international academic stage and analyze its potential intellectual structure. The results are expected to facilitate the future exploration of research topics related to bilingual higher education in Taiwan and the formulation of feasible policies.
Design/methodology/approach
This study focuses on journal articles included in the Web of Science database, using bibliometric methods to summarize and analyze research on bilingual higher education over the past years. It further examines the overall status of related international research, providing a reference for domestic educational researchers. This study involves keyword co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, and bibliographic coupling analysis for a total of 2,063 English-language journals. Its goal is to construct development trends, analyze intellectual structures, and identify interactive relationships in the field of international bilingual education research.
Findings/results
This study’s main findings can be summarized as follows: 1.International research on bilingual higher education shows a growing trend, with the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, and mainland China leading the way. A vast amount of literature has been accumulated and a wide range of research topics have been covered. 2.The literature co-citation network diagram shows that important scholars and publications are concentrated in the United States and the United Kingdom, suggesting that bilingual education cannot be disconnected from ethnic issues due to these countries’unique geopolitical and cultural heritage. 3.The results of a keyword co-occurrence analysis further show that although the research topics in bilingual higher education cover a wide range, their knowledge structures are closely linked. This indicates that the relevant issues within the research field are inseparable.
Originality/value
The literature in Taiwan on bilingualism, bilingual education, and English-medium instruction mainly consists of case studies and surveys combined with qualitative interviews. Relatively few empirical studies have been conducted. This study uses a bibliometric analysis approach to systematically review the development of related research, to depict the international landscape of bilingual education research, and to provide a foundation for future research in this field in Taiwan.
Implications for policy/practice
Based on the trends of bilingual education research outlined in this study, empirical research in this field in Taiwan is significantly lacking. Furthermore, existing research tends to be narrow in scope. In contrast, the foreign literature covers a wide range of topics and research methods, providing valuable insights for Taiwan. Therefore, it is recommended that Taiwan’s bilingual education research incorporate more diverse research methods and conduct more longitudinal and empirical studies to enrich local research with Taiwanese characteristics and enhance Taiwan’s international competitiveness.