重構民主轉型的「正義」概念

Reconsidering the Concept of“Justice”in Democratic Transitions

本文從台灣轉型正義措施的正當性危機出發，回顧台灣在轉型正義研究領域的「正義」論述，將之放置回在國際轉型正義文獻中的學科脈絡，進行批判反思。第一節指出「沒有懲罰，就沒有正義」主張在回應規範性質疑的侷限。第二節論證「依法治理即是正義」主張無法適切回應轉型期「依法治理之兩難」，依法而為之轉型正義措施的正當性並非不證自明。第三節指出「正義不是唯一價值」和「恢復正義」的侷限，及重新追溯「應報正義」之道德哲學根基的必要性。第四節提出作為「關係轉化」的「正義」概念，重構轉型正義的規範性及轉型正義措施的正當性基礎。最後，本文主張當前台灣轉型正義的推動，最重要的任務在於形塑一個尊重差異之「民主共同體」。

Concerning with the legitimacy crisis of the transitional justice measures in Taiwan, this article critically reviews Taiwan’s“justice”discourses in transitional justice study in an attempts to reactivate the normativity of“justice”in transition. The first section analyzes the argument that“without punishment, there is no justice,”pointing out that its normative deficit. The second section examines the argument that“justice is the rule of law,”and argues the legitimacy of transitional justice measures based merely on law is not self-evident. The third section argues the advocates of“justice is not the only value”and“restorative justice”both fail to respond to the call for justice in times of transition and points out the necessity to revisit moral philosophical foundation of retributive justice. By tracing the concept back to its Kantian roots, the fourth section clarifies the biased interpretation of the concept of“retributive justice”in mainstream transitional justice studies and proposes a concept of transitional“justice”understood as“relational transformation”among members in a civil union. Based on this reactivated aspect of justice, I advocate the most important task of transitional justice in current Taiwan is to reconstitute a“democratic community”which respects differences.