宋代《文殊指南圖讚》刊本對〈入法界品〉的圖文表現與運用

The Presentation and Usage of Icons and Text in Wenshu Zhinan Tuzan in the Song Dynasty

Chan master Foguo's Wenshu Zhinan Tuzan 文殊指南圖讚 (Chan Master Foguo's Illustrated Verses of Praise on the Teaching of Manjuśrī, hereinafter referred to as Tuzan) was prefaced by Zhang Shangying (1043- 1122) and published in the Song Dynasty. It is now included in the Xuzangjing (The Dainihon Zokuzokyo) and Taishō Tripiṭaka. The version used in this paper is the Jishian version. The Tuzan takes as its subject matter the “Entry Into the Realm of Reality” chapter of the Avatamsaka Sūtra, which describes the fifty-three visits of Sudhana-sresthi-daraka. This text is not only one of the few important references for studying the thought of Master Foguo, but also shows the trend of integration of Buddhism among different sects at the time. Huayan thought is often used to elucidate Chan thought, which is also an important topic in the history of Buddhism. By analyzing the content of the Tuzan, this paper extends the discussion to explore how Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty, due to technological developments and the prevalence of gongan 公案 practice, led to innovations in the communication and interpretation of its philosophy, which gave rise to a new form of Buddhist scripture. Finally, the paper discusses how to apply the content of the Gaṇḍavyūha to the purpose of “realizing in the Chan via learning Buddhist doctrine 藉教悟 宗.”