團體發展歷程分析工具之介紹與應用——以一個團體段落為例(1)

Introduction and Application of Analysis Instruments for Group Development Process: On example of a session

This research introduces the instruments of group development process and applies the instruments to analyze a ninety-minute session of the developing process of an interpersonal group which lasted for two days. The research instruments include the Hostility/Support Scale, the Experiencing Scales, the Normative Organizational/ Personal Exploration, and the Scale Speech Behavior Coding System. The analysis results are represented as follows: (A) Analyses on the roles of the group members: According to Beck's definitions, four types of roles could be classified in this group. They are the Task Leader (TL), the Emotional Leader (EL), the Scapegoat Leader (SL), and the Defiant Leader (DL). However, some results were inconsistent with Beck's theory. (B) Analyses on the individual system: In the Hostility/Support Scale, the statements that the members expressed are mostly supportive. In the Experiencing Scales, the members showed different stages of experiences according to the types of Leaders, the stage of group development, and the characteristics of the member. In the Normative Organizational/ Personal Exploration, the main expressions of the group members were Personal Explorations. In the Scale Speech Behavior Coding System, the members showed different speech behaviors according to their role types and the stage of the group development. According to these results, we found that the characteristics of the chosen session in this study agree well with those during the transition from phase 2 to phase 3. (C) Analyses on the subjects of the group: (1) Results of the Hostility/Support and the Experiencing Scales show that E.L. and T.L. played significant roles in the chosen session in this study. This phenomenon is consistent with the transition from phase 2 to phase 3. (2) From the Experiencing Scales and the Scale Speech Behavior Coding System, it is found that the EL not only can inspire other members to express themselves but also can explore themselves and share with others. Finally, based on the study results some suggestions are provided to clinical practices and future researches.