我國跟蹤騷擾行為罪的保護法益

On Legal Interest of Criminal Offense of Stalking in Taiwan

本文是以2021年制定通過的跟蹤騷擾防制法（以下簡稱本法）中的跟蹤騷擾行為罪（以下簡稱本罪）作為主題，從保護法益的角度來探討本罪解釋上的基本立場。本文先考察立法過程，指出本罪保護法益在立法上有兩種解釋可能性，其一是將本罪理解為對被害人生命身體法益的危險犯；其二則是認為本罪的保護法益在干擾被害人日常生活行動的意思決定自由，但兩種理解均非絕對。其次，本文考察我國有力的安心感說，並確認此說下可能的處罰範圍。再者，本文考察本法制定為止我國實務上與跟蹤騷擾行為有關的事例，並嘗試掌握其特徵。並以上述各點考察為基礎，進行分析檢討，認為本罪保護法益應是對於被害人生命身體法益的重大危險，跟蹤騷擾行為則可於客觀面與心理面使後續的重大殺傷行為較容易實施。在此理解下，我國立法者將跟蹤騷擾行為限於「與性或性別」有關者，應解為行為人與被害人間，能擔保行為人能侵入被害人生活核心領域的高度可能性與容易性的人際關係。我國立法者將跟蹤騷擾行為規定為需傳達至被害人處使其知悉的意義，則是在以此作為刑法介入的根據；最後，本罪較低的法定刑，應解為此種行為對生命身體法益侵害而言未必確實，而攜帶凶器則將使此一危險提高。

The subject of this article is on legal interest of the criminal offense of stalking in the Taiwanese Stalking and Harassment Prevention Act, enacted since Dec. 2021. In the first part, this article scrutinizes the progress of the legislation of the Taiwanese Stalking and Harassment Prevention Act, and points out there are two possible ways to perceive the intent of the legislator. One is that the legal interest of the criminal offense of stalking is the safety of life and body of victims, the other is that the legal interest of the criminal offense of stalking is the victims' sense of security. In the second part, this article introduces theories concerning the criminal offense of stalking, and tries to clarify the scope of the offense based on those theories. In the third part, this article scrutinizes the judicial practices of Taiwanese supreme court concerning cases in which the defendant tailed, performed surveillance or harassment before the murder of the victims, and tries to characterize the structure of the progress from stalking to committing serious murders.
Based on the study above, this article points out that (1) the legal interest of the criminal offense of stalking should be perceived as the safety of life and body of victims, (2) the wording“sexual or gender-related”in Article 3 of the Taiwanese Stalking and Harassment Prevention Act should be perceived as the personal relationship allowing the defendant to invade the core of the victims’daily life, (3) the victims should know the stalking acts so the criminal liability and criminal punishment has a clear indication, and it is more possible for the victims to reach out for help if they know, finally, (4) the interpretation of statutory penalty prescribed in paragraph 1 and 2 of Article 3 of the Taiwanese Stalking and Harassment Prevention Act should correspond to the danger of life and body of victims.