腎臟移植後泌尿道感染

Urinary Tract Infection after Kidney Transplant

根據2022年台灣腎病年報統計，2016至2020年每年境內腎臟移植人數平均約300例；而至2020年底，台灣腎臟移植人數已達5,591人，但在所有末期腎病的患者中，接受腎臟移植的比率相較於全球來說，台灣卻是名列倒數，但也代表腎臟移植在台灣仍有發展的空間。目前的研究已經告訴我們，控制良好的腎臟移植患者預後相較於長期透析患者相比，其存活率以及生活品質皆為前者較佳，但也因為複雜的免疫抑制藥物使用，使得此類病人容易患有其它併發症，這其中包括感染症；而在所有感染症中，又以泌尿道感染最為常見。本文將介紹腎臟移植後泌尿道感染症的定義、危險因子、致病機轉和診斷標準。並針對腎臟移植後泌尿道感染、長期監控及預防的部分多作著墨，提供相關醫護同仁參考。

According to the 2022 Taiwan Renal Disease Annual Report, the average number of kidney transplants in Taiwan from 2016 to 2020 was approximately 300 per year. By the end of 2020, the number of kidney transplant recipients in Taiwan reached 5,591. However, compared with the global average, Taiwan ranks low in the percentage of patients with end-stage renal disease receiving kidney transplants. This indicates that there is still room for development in kidney transplantation in Taiwan.
Current research has demonstrated that patients receiving kidney transplant with good control generally have better outcomes and quality of life than patients undergoing long-term dialysis. However, because of the complex use of immunosuppressive drugs, such patients are prone to other complications, including infections. Among all infections, urinary tract infections are the most common.
This article introduces the definition, risk factors, pathogenesis, and diagnostic criteria of urinary tract infections after kidney transplantation. Additionally, it emphasizes long-term monitoring and prevention of urinary tract infections after kidney transplantation, providing relevant healthcare professionals with references .