明清之際朝鮮王朝對臺灣鄭氏政權的關注與情報的應對

The Chosŏn Dynasty’s Intelligence Gathering on the Zheng Regime in Taiwan during the Ming-Qing Transition

明清易代，朝鮮王朝雖被迫成為清朝藩屬國，但「尊明」理念一直不絕，積極搜尋與明及南明政權相關的各方情報，即如他們對於奉南明正朔的臺灣鄭氏政權相當關注。但朝鮮王朝與鄭氏政權幾乎沒有官方接觸，只是朝鮮主動搜集情報。情報來源主要有三：燕行使、漂流民、日本。情報來源不同，情報特色各異，各途徑組成複雜的東亞情報網絡，亦影響著朝鮮王朝的內政外交，如漂流民政策的調整、築城設防、渡海通鄭之議，以及引起朝鮮震動的「偽倭書事件」。其中不僅包含朝鮮王朝對臺灣鄭氏政權的認知與想象，亦有助於透視明清之際朝鮮內部的政治環境與對華觀念。

Following the Qing conquest of the Ming dynasty, the Chosŏn (Joseon) dynasty was forced to become a vassal state of the Qing Empire, but the principle of“respecting the Ming”尊明continued, exemplified by their active search for information on the Ming and Southern Ming regimes, such as concern for the the Zheng鄭family’s rule in Taiwan under the Southern Ming dynasty. However, the Chosŏn had little official contact with the Zheng regime and could only ascertain the situation through active intelligence gathering, the three main sources of which included Chosŏn envoys to Yenching,“wandering”merchants from China, namely piaoliu min漂流民, and intelligence exchanges with Japan. The different characteristics and sources of this collected intelligence constitute a complex East Asian intelligence network, which also affected the internal and foreign affairs of the Chosŏn dynasty, such as adjustments in policy towards wandering peoples, the construction of fortifications, discussions on crossing the sea to Zheng, and the“Pseudo-Japanese Pirate Letter Incident”偽倭書事件that shook the Chosŏn. Moreover, it not only contains the Chosŏn dynasty’s perception and imagination of the Zheng regime in Taiwan, but also assists us in further understanding the internal political environment and the concept of China in the Chosŏn during the Ming and Qing dynasties.