安大簡〈曹沫之陳〉新釋文及補釋

New Interpretations and Supplementary Explanations of“Cao Mo zhi zhen”in the Anhui University Collection of Warring States Chu Bamboo Slips

相隔近二十年先後刊布的《上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書（四）》及《安徽大學藏戰國竹簡（二）》中，皆收錄〈曹沫之陳〉。本篇佚失已久，內容記載魯莊公與曹沫的問對，涉及當時的軍事、政治觀念，是一篇獨特且重要的兵學文獻，在出土先秦竹書中，也屬於較罕見的長篇。安大本的發現，解決了上博本的一些問題，如：竹簡綴合、簡序編聯、部分簡文釋讀等，但仍留存有不少疑難，尚待探討。本文擬在前人研究的基礎上，全面探究上博、安大兩本〈曹沫之陳〉在簡文釋讀方面的難點。本文所列全篇新釋文將以新出的安大本為底本，討論兼及上博本。與安大本整理者意見不同以及需要說明、論述之處，加上註腳，其中著重討論了「飯於土」、「貧於」、「君亓毋員」、「句見耑兵」、「□□□兵」、「□句□□」、「解紀於大□」等文句。此外，較複雜的問題如：簡1「非山非澤，又不〔民〕」、簡30「弗□□□」、上博本簡63上「弗□□□」、簡35「既□□□」、上博本簡32「既□□□」、簡44「□□亓身」等，則以專節析論補釋。透過本文的釋讀，期望能更準確地理解〈曹沫之陳〉的文義，增進對此珍稀文獻的認識。

“Cao Mo zhi zhen”曹沫之陳(“Battle Formations of Cao Mo”) is a unique and important piece of literature on military science, and considering its length, is a relatively rare piece of content among unearthed pre-Qin bamboo slips. Discoveries made from the edition held in the the Anhui University collection of slips have solved some of the problems from that of the Shanghai Museum collection, such as the collation and joining of the bamboo texts as well as textual interpretations, but many doubts and difficulties remain to be explored. The Anhui University collection is a newly published excavation and is still in its infancy in regards to its use by the scholarly commuity in conjunction with the Shanghai Museum collection for conducting in-depth research. On the basis of previous research, the present paper intends to comprehensively investigate the difficulties in the interpretation of the two editions of“Cao Mo zhi zhen”held in the above collections. The new explanatory texts listed in this paper are based on the newly released Anhui University collection, with discussions also including the Shanghai Museum collection. Where there is a difference of opinion held by the collators of the two collections, or where there is a need for clarification or further discussion, footnotes have been added. Finally, the more complex issues have likewise been supplemented by special sections of analysis.