中高齡者骨質疏鬆知識、飲食行為、健康狀況與健康識能之探討

A Study on Osteoporosis Related the Knowledge of Osteoporosis, Dietary Behavior and Health Literacy among the Middle-aged and Elderly Population

隨著人口進入高齡化的社會，骨質疏鬆症已是受到重視的議題，本研究目的是在探討中高齡者之骨質疏鬆知識及飲食行為、健康狀況與健康識能之間的關係，進而可以對骨質疏鬆的飲食預防行為與促進健康識能有所助益。研究方法為橫斷性研究，以google表單進行問卷調查，回收有效問卷400份，研究對象為台灣地區年齡在40歲以上85歲以下民眾，研究工具採用描述性統計、獨立t檢定、單因子變異數（ANOVA）及線性複迴歸進行相關統計分析。本次研究結果中高齡者平均年齡54.6歲，女性66.2%，有95.2%的受試者曾聽過骨質疏鬆相關訊息，在骨質疏鬆知識答對率68.1%，具有健康識能在充足以上程度者有87.8%，年齡、教育程度及對健康狀況滿意情形（F=5.255，p=0.006）與健康識能達到統計上顯著差異、在飲食攝取補充維生素D的行為（t=2.273，p=0.024）與健康識能有顯著相關，本研究結果建議中高齡者在預防飲食方面重視維生素D的補充，並提高對骨質疏鬆知識與相關疾病的認識進而提升健康狀況與預防疾病的發生，未來也可於偏遠地區進行施測探討，收集更廣泛樣本以利於研究醫療機構或衛生單位針對中高齡者健康識能及骨質疏鬆衛生教育之宣導及政策制定上之參考。

In light of the demographic shift towards an aging population, osteoporosis emerges as a pressing concern in Taiwan. This study endeavors to investigate the interplay between osteoporosis knowledge, dietary preventive behavior, health status, and health literacy among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Employing a cross-sectional design, a survey was conducted using Google Forms, yielding 400 valid responses. The study cohort consisted of individuals aged 40 to 85 years in Taiwan. Analytical methods encompassed descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression. Findings revealed that the average age of the elderly participants was 54.6 years, with females comprising 66.2% of the sample. Notably, 95.2% of respondents had been exposed to osteoporosis-related information, and the osteoporosis knowledge response rate stood at 68.1%. Moreover, health literacy was deemed sufficient in 87.8% of cases. Significant correlations were observed between health literacy and variables such as age, education, current health condition (F=5.255,p=0.006), and vitamin D supplementation (t=2.273,p=0.024). Despite the high exposure to osteoporosis-related information, there remains scope for enhancing knowledge and awareness regarding osteoporosis among participants. Consequently, this study furnishes recommendations pertinent to osteoporosis health education and health policy formulation tailored to the needs of middle-aged and elderly individuals.