運動與呼吸肌訓練介入對長新冠患者身體康復之效益：系統性回顧

The benefits of exercise and respiratory muscle training intervention on physical recovery in long COVID patients: A systematic review

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)主要臨床症狀包括發燒、咳嗽、呼吸急促、肌肉疼痛和疲勞等，當感染後症狀持續超過一個月，就被歸為長新冠(Long Covid)。研究指出有高達43%確診的患者會經歷長新冠時期。本文的目的旨在探討對於長新冠患者，透過運動介入是否可以對促進身體功能的恢復和健康產生積極的影響。在PubMed及Google Scholar等資料庫，以英文關鍵字“post-COVID-19”或“long COVID”和“exercise and rehabilitation”進行檢索，最後收錄2021年至2023年共9篇包含運動訓練及呼吸訓練介入對長新冠患者康復之效益的相關研究，其中6篇介入方法為運動訓練，2篇為呼吸訓練，及1篇為運動結合呼吸訓練，並以綜合評論的方式進行分析。結果發現呼吸肌訓練除了可以改善長新冠患者的呼吸困難及疼痛外，也能提高生活品質及降低焦慮、抑鬱等狀態，但結合有氧運動與阻力訓練的同步訓練模式，相較於單獨採取呼吸訓練，不僅能夠減輕呼吸困難、疲勞和焦慮等症狀，還能夠提升患者的心血管健康和肌肉力量，並改善他們的功能狀態和生活品質，更能為長新冠患者提供綜合的身體和心理效益。建議長新冠患者在康復期間且身體狀況可負荷範圍下儘早制定訓練計劃，優先選擇適當強度的同步訓練，以改善長新冠患者身體及心理健康。

The primary clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, cough, dyspnea, muscle pain, and fatigue. If these symptoms persist for more than a month post-infection, the condition is classified as Long Covid, affecting up to 43% of diagnosed patients. This study explores the potential positive effects of exercise intervention on physical function recovery and overall health in Long Covid patients. A systematic search across reputable databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) utilizing keywords such as ''post-COVID-19,'' ''long COVID,'' and ''exercise and rehabilitation'' yielded nine relevant studies published from 2021 to 2023. These studies focus on the beneficial outcomes of exercise and respiratory training interventions in Long Covid recovery, with six emphasizing exercise training, two respiratory training, and one a combined approach. Comprehensive review and analysis were conducted on all selected studies. The findings suggest that respiratory muscle training not only ameliorates respiratory difficulties and pain but also enhances overall quality of life, reducing anxiety and depression. Concurrent aerobic and resistance training, in comparison to exclusive respiratory training, not only mitigates respiratory challenges, fatigue, and anxiety but also augments cardiovascular health and muscle strength. This dual modality proves beneficial in enhancing functional status and overall quality of life in Long Covid patients, providing comprehensive physical and psychological advantages. Considering these findings, it is advisable for Long Covid patients to initiate a structured training plan early in the recovery period, adhering to the recommended gradual reintroduction of exercise tailored to their physical capabilities. Prioritizing a concurrent training regimen of appropriate intensity is advised to improve both physical and psychological health in Long Covid patients.