日本「醫療觀察法」審判制度之探討──兼與我國刑法監護處分制度的比較

The Discussion on the Provisions Concerning the Procedure of Trial in Japanese“Act on Medical Care and Treatment for Persons Who Have Caused Serious Cases under the Condition of Insanity”-Comparing with the Custodial Protection in Taiwanese Criminal Code

本文是以所謂日本「醫療觀察法（原文：心神喪失等の状態で重大な他害行為を行った者の医療及び観察等に関する法律）」中的審判制度如何運作為對象，先就同法的成立背景中所涉及的社會事件，亦即從1998年起至2001年間的6起由精神障礙者所為之重大殺傷案件加以概觀，藉此掌握為何需要制訂此部法律的社會背景。再就日本醫療觀察法的主要規定與其一般的理解加以掌握。藉此能夠對日本醫療觀察法的立法目的、可適用的對象行為人與對象行為、審判的主要參與者，審判庭的組成，以及（1）聲請住院治療或接受定期診療之審判（2）聲請出院或確認繼續住院治療之審判（3）聲請使處遇終了或延長定期診療期間之審判程序的聲請方式、裁定方式及特殊規定等相關重要制度有所掌握。最後再就日本法院實務上如何對於涉及日本醫療觀察法的事件進行事務分配、受理聲請後至審理為止所進行的協商會議等相關運用方式，以及審判準備、審判期日等部分介紹日本醫療觀察法施行的概況，並再與我國刑法最近於保安處分章之中新修正的監護處分制度，從制度的精神進行簡要的比較。

This Article aims at introducing to the Japanese“Act on Medical Care and Treatment for Persons Who Have Caused Serious Cases Under the Condition of Insanity”. In the first part, this article introduces the social background of the act, namely 6 serious homicide cases committed by actors who had mental illness during the period of 1998-2001. In the second part, this article introduces the procedure of the trial provided in the act, including the purpose of the act, the scope of the act, the main participants in the trial procedure, the composition of the trial court, and three procedures provided in the act. In the third part, this article introduces the judicial practice concerning this act, including the adjustment of affairs in the court, the conference by parties concerned as preparation of trial, and the trial procedure. In the final part, this article will comment on the new custodial protection in the Criminal Code of the Republic of China based on the comparison to the Japanese“Act on Medical Care and Treatment for Persons Who Have Caused Serious Cases Under the Condition of Insanity”