數據抓取行為規制的目標調適及其路徑優化

Target Adaptation and Path Optimization of Data Capture Behavior Regulation

近年來；經營者之間的數據競爭日趨激烈；因數據抓取引發的糾紛也日漸增多。受權利法分析範式的影響；我國審判實踐確立了數據保護優先的規制目標；人民法院大多據此認定數據抓取行為構成不正當競爭；客觀上不利於數據的流通利用和數字經濟的高質量發展。馬克思的流通理論、新發展理念和發展型法治理論為數據流通優先提供了充分的理論依據；數據的流通屬性和促進數據流通的現實需求；決定了我國應確定數據流通優先兼顧數據保護的規制目標。為有效規制數據抓取行為；我國應實現權利法范式向行為法範式的轉型；合理權衡多元數據主體的利益關係；修正“一刀切”的規制原則；遵循分類分級原則精准規制數據抓取；回歸競爭法屬性；運用實質性替代標準評估數據抓取行為的競爭損害。為此；我們需要在立法中貫徹數據流通優先目標；及時完善數據抓取專條。

In recent years, the data competition among operators has become increasingly fierce, and the disputes caused by data capture behavior are increasing. Influenced by the paradigm of the rights law analysis, judicial practice has established the regulatory goal of prioritizing data protection. Most courts have determined that data capture constitutes unfair competition, which is objectively not conducive to the circulation and utilization of data and the high-quality development of the digital economy. Karl Marx’s circulation theory, new development concept and developmental rule of law theory provide sufficient theoretical basis for the priority of data circulation. The circulation attributes of data and the actual demand of promoting data circulation determine that China should establish the regulation goal of data protection given priority to data circulation. To effectively regulate data scraping behavior, China should achieve a transformation from a rights law paradigm to a behavior law paradigm, reasonably balancing the interests of multiple data subjects, revise the“one size fits all”regulatory principle and following the principle of classification and grading to accurately regulate data capture,and return to the attributes of competition law and use substantive substitution criteria to evaluate the competitive damage of data scraping behavior. For this purpose, we should implement the priority goal of data circulation in legislation and timely improve data capture regulations.