佛教心靈環保的經營管理策略

A Buddhist Perspective on Management Strategies Through Protecting the Spiritual Environment

無論是商業、志業還是道業，經營管理的目標普遍以多事多業多希望住為念，而非少事少業少希望住。商業經營管理謀求利益最大化、志業願求澤施廣益，道業雖然希望世人轉凡入聖、離垢得淨，但當中的人、事、理亦需要經營管理，才能夠讓法雨遍灑、法鼓遍響。然而，佛教經營管理的超然之處在於明白因果的法則，照見無常無我的智慧，萬行無相無住的慈悲。業務目標為本的發展與環保簡約淨化似乎南轅北轍。世間環保的重用、減約、回收，與佛教心靈環保心靈的淨化，亦有根本的分別。本文先剖析世間經營管理和佛教心靈環保表面上的矛盾，進而說明佛教心靈環保是通過戒、定、慧三學引領行為和心理的平衡、穩定和轉化。本文嘗試補充討論在經營管理模式上如何由心靈環保的「心術」落實在經營管理模式的「技術」上，從道德價值成就世界經營管理的回報，由內在修行推展到外在的關係。本文以聖嚴法師的心靈環保為導，說明佛教心靈環保在經營管理上超越人和其他生態「我」、「他」的融和，不再因妄見人、事、物的愚痴而自私短視干戈相鬥，忘卻人類和地球永續的共同利益，忽略緣起的無窮可能。本文以簡單案例三則作結，分享心靈環保在職場人員、其他生態和自然環境等管理經營的潛在應用。

Across different for-profit, mission-driven, or spiritual organizations, management and operations aim at maximizing rather than minimizing effort, work, and aspiration. For-profit business chases after profit while mission-driven organizations aspire to achieve wider reach to benefit more people. Even though spiritual organizations wish to guide people to transcend mundane life, the people, issues, and principles involved still require effort to be put into management in order to allow the nourishing Dharma rain and the enlightening Dharma drum to spread far and wide. Nevertheless, the unique contribution from the Buddhist perspective on management is the insight of dependent arising, realizing the wisdom of impermanence and selflessness, and manifesting the compassion which goes beyond forms or attachments. There seems to be a conflict between goal-oriented development and minimalist environmental ideals. There is also a meaningful difference between environmental protection in worldly affairs which focuses on reusing, reducing, and recycling, versus the focus on mind-purification in Buddhist spiritual environmental protection. This paper begins with a brief review of the apparent conflict between worldly management and Buddhist spiritual environmental protection, then further elaborates that Buddhist spiritual environmental protection involves mental and behavioral balance, stability, and transformation through moral discipline, mental concentration, and wisdom. This paper attempts to contribute to the discussions on management models through which the “mind skills” of spiritual environmental protection could be implemented as “management skills”, and moral values could be combined with operational returns. Buddhist management is an inner practice for oneself and for others, a process of finetuning selfless, interdependent, and symbiotic relationships with great agility and flexibility while keeping one's vision in mind. Based upon Venerable Sheng Yen's framework of Protecting the Spiritual Environment—which is to “implement changes on the basis of a value system and insight, everyone taking care of themselves and other people, issues, and things with a healthy, peaceful, and happy mind and body” —this article explains that Buddhist environmental protection aims at an equanimity which transcends “self” and “others”. It means no more damage or pollution due to greed, no more selfishness and short-sightedness due to ignorance, no more silo-building due to splitting interest, no more craving for short term profit while disregarding the sustainable and mutual interests of humans and the earth, and no more simplistic, linear and calculative analyses which ignore the boundless possibilities of dependent co-arising. This article concludes with three brief case studies to illustrate potential applications of Protecting the Spiritual Environment in managing our relationships with staff in the workplace, with other living beings and with nature.