寫本與版刻之俗字比較研究

compare study of vulgar words for handwritten copy and carving

俗字之研究以往只個別侷限在字書、字樣書，或者是碑帖、刊刻書籍之中，這些資料當然是俗字研究的對象之一。但是，在印刷術發明之前，漢字的記錄早有多種載體，例如：刻在龜甲、獸骨上（甲骨文）；鑄在金屬上（金文）；寫在簡帛上（竹簡、帛書）以及以刀刻在石材上（碑刻）等，每一種載體都有其獨特之處，對漢字的結體構形也都造成程度深淺不一的影響。尤其內含在其中的俗字別體，或多或少會因著載體的不同而在表現上有所差異，因此，基於載體之間的關聯、特色、差別等前提來進行俗字的分析研究，有助於各時代文字使用概況的全面瞭解，在俗字研究的範疇中，這是需要特別著力去進行的方向。 本文透過俗字的採錄及同時代或不同時代的俗字比對，除整理出寫本與版刻各自之俗字書寫現象及脈絡之外，亦比對出兩者之間的同異性。另透過寫本與雕版用字的實際採錄與比較，結合先前寫本與碑刻俗字比較的研究成果，得以為俗字的研究作更有系統、更為全面的理論建立，亦可為尚待開發的俗字研究領域添加一些參考的材料。

The research of 俗字 (characters in popular from?) used to be confined in 字書、字樣書 or on rubbings from a stone inscription or on carved materials. Obviously these are means to study characters in popular form. However, before the art of printing was invented, the record of Chinese characters had many kind of carriers, for example, characters carved on the tortoise-shells and on animal's bones (the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells); cast on the metal (the inscription on ancient bronze objects); written on bamboo or silk (bamboo scribe, silk scroll) and carved on the stones with a knife (stone inscription) ,etc. Every kind of carrier has its uniqueness, and to some extent influence the structure of topography for Chinese characters. Due to the variation of carriers, the embedded characters in popular form more or less present differently. Therefore conducting analysis on the characters in popular form on the carriers' relationships, characteristics, and differences, would help to understand the use of characters in popular form at different era or time frame. And this method would be a key direction in the study of the character in popular form. Through the collection of characters in popular form and the comparison across same and different time frame, the text provides a structured representation of the outcome and reasoning as well as the similarities and differences of written & carved characters. Also through these collection and comparison process, together with the results of previous researches, one could find a more systematic and holistic framework on characters of popular form. Consequently these studies shall provide the reference for the unexplored territory of the study of words of popular form.