客家與達雅之間：砂拉越新村客家──達雅通婚家庭研究

Between Hakka and Dayak: A Study of Hakka-Dayak Intermarriage Families in New Villages, Sarawak

族群意識（Ethnicity）就在於我們（us）相對於他們（them）之間所產生，但在東南亞的研究個案中，如此的一分為二的概念是否就一定適用，晚近有些研究已經提出異議。本文透過砂拉越客家人為主的新村中客家與達雅族人通婚家庭的例子，試圖說明：一，在民族國家政策的推動下，僵固的族群似乎已經越來越成為人們自我界定族群邊界的依據，這是Authority-defined的認同型態，當落實到人們的日常生活上時，其展現的是一種以父系為原則、血統主義為基礎的認同模式；二，在人們的日常生活中，族群本身的界線並非零和的抑或（either or）關係，而是一種程度上多或少（more or less）的差」，這也可以被稱為Everyday-defined的認同型態。因此，成為客家人與成為達雅人之間，在人們的日常生活中呈現出一種連續性的過程，在這過程中可能受到階級、生活型態、經濟活動和世代等方面的影響，而非正式或官方所認定的截然劃分的族群身分所能解釋的。

Ethnicity is generated between us and them. However, in Southeast Asian cases, some recent studies have raised against the applicability of such a clearly bifurcated concept. This article uses the example of intermarriage families between Hakka and Dayak people in the New Villages of Sarawak, and attempts to explain, firstly, driven by nation-state policies, rigid ethnicity seems to have increasingly become the basis for people to self-define their ethnic boundaries, this is an authority-defined identity type. When implemented in people's daily lives, it shows an identity model based on the principle of paternity and bloodline. Secondly, in people's daily lives, ethnic boundary itself is not a zero-sum or either-or relationship, but a difference in the degree of moreor- less. This can also be called an everyday-defined identity type. Therefore, becoming a Hakka and becoming a Dayak presents a continuous process in people's daily lives, which may be affected by class, lifestyle, economic activities, generations, rather than can be explained by formally or officially recognized distinct ethnicity.