北美漢學界唐宋詞研究述評

The Study of T’ang-Sung Lyric in the Sinological Field of North America

唐宋詞的影響力無遠弗屆，甚且跨疆越域穿洲渡洋，北美漢學界的唐宋詞譯介傳播頗有氣象，唐宋詞的英文譯本和研究論著更不在少數。許多學者和漢學家孜孜以求唐宋詞的精美譯評，使得唐宋詞在異國文化中自有其可觀的成果。過去一甲子以來，北美漢學家的唐宋詞譯介和評說仍持續進行中，他們不僅引述中國傳統詞論觀點，更結合中西比較詩學的批評方法，往往於唐宋詞體闡釋另闢蹊徑，並試圖從新的角度來說明詞的文學特性。北美漢學界的詞學研究大致可分成三個時期：（一）1970年代以前的自發研究階段；（二）1970-1980年代漸成體系階段；（三）1990年代至今的多元化發展階段。自1950年代開始，北美漢學界的唐宋詞譯介評說已有一甲子之久，與此研究相關的學者也不下三代，他們在詞學領域已形成自己的系統，在研究問題、方法、理論等方面皆可自足而獨立。此外，北美漢學家對於詞學研究也開拓新的領域，例如關於詞人詞作研究、文類研究、詞史研究、詞寓寄託，詞體風格的演變，以及詠物詞的特點等問題均能深入探討。
然而，關於北美漢學界的唐宋詞譯介研究狀況，大陸學者已有不少篇章論著多所探究，但是台灣學界於此著墨微乎其微，這對中西比較詩學研究極為不利，筆者希望通過本研究彌補台灣中文學界的不足，冀能較全面且深入探討北美漢學家的唐宋詞譯介和研究，將唐宋詞的教研工作與中西比較詩學相結合，以利闡釋唐宋詞細美幽約的藝術特質。職是之故，本文聚焦於1950年代以來北美漢學界的唐宋詞研究，先回顧其譯介歷程，再梳理其發展脈絡，並探討漢學家對唐宋詞譯介評說的相關論著，緣此本文主要探討議題如下：（一）前言；（二）北美唐宋詞研究述評；（三）結論：唐宋詞的中西詩學比較闡釋。

The influence of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric has been far-reaching among continents and oceans. The development of disseminating T’ang- Sung Tz’u lyric’s translation and introduction in the Sinological Field of North America has reached to a certain degree of success, and the English translation works, research dissertations and publications are full of abun¬dance. Many scholars and sinologists have been diligently seeking exqui¬site translations and commentaries of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric, leading to a considerable result of its development in foreign cultural environments. In the past six decades, the ongoing translations and commentaries of T’ang- Sung Tz’u lyric by the sinologists in North America have not only quoted from Traditional Chinese Lyric Theories, but also combined the critical methods of Chinese-Western Comparative Poetics. This has usually creat¬ed an alternative path for the interpretations of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric and aimed to explain lyric’s literary characteristics from a new angle.
The classification of researches on T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric in the Sinological Field of North America can be separated into three stages: (1) autonomous researches before 1970s; (2) the formation of systemat¬ic researches between 1970s to 1980s; (3) the diverse development of researches since 1990s. From 1950s, the translations and commentaries of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric in the Sinological Field of North America has developed for six decades. As more than three generations of scholars have dedicated themselves to this field, they started to form their own systematic researches, fully capable of exploring research problems, methods and theories with self-sufficiency and independence. Apart form that, the sinologists in North America also opened up a new field for lyric studies. For example, scholars can dive into the studies of poets and lyric, genres, lyric history, analogy to give expression to feelings, the changes of styles and the features of poems on the subject of describable things.
Nevertheless, as Chinese scholars have already had many researches on T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric’s translation and introduction in the Sinological Field of North America, scholars in Taiwan remains to be unfamiliar with this field of research. As this phenomenon is unfavorable for conducting researches on Chinese-Western Comparative Poetics, this research aims to cover the shortage of academic field of Chinese literature in Taiwan, looking forward to a more complete and in-depth research on T’ang- Sung Tz’u lyric’s translations and introductions in the Sinological Field of North America, combing the teaching and study of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric with Chinese-Western Comparative Poetics to interpret the exquisiteness, beauty and elegance of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric. There¬fore, this paper will focus on the translations, commentaries and studies of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric in the Sinological Field of North America from early 1950s to 2010s, reviewing the progress of its introductions and translations, organizing the contexts of its development and dive into its related works and publications by sinologists. Hence, this paper examines the issues as the following: (1) Introduction; (2) the reincarnation of the translations, commentaries and studies of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric; (3) the study and dissertation of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric in the Sinological Field of North America; (4) Conclusion: the inter-pretations of T’ang-Sung Tz’u lyric from the method of Chinese-Western Comparative Poetics.