三峰派之懺與禪：論仁山寂震《大般若懺法》

Repentance and Chan Practice of Sanfeng Lineage: Research on Renshan Jizhen’s Da-Bo-Re-Chan-Fa

本文研究仁山詘𧧌（寂）震《大般若懺法》，將學界有關明、清之經懺法會討論，從祈福薦亡、護國息災等世俗面向，拓展至懺法與禪修關係的探討。就臨濟宗三峰派「懺」與「禪」關係之研究，目前除新出文獻漢月法藏《三峰和尚心懺》外，僅見《大般若懺法》傳世，該懺法毋寧是研究三峰派懺儀之珍貴資料，本文考證該懺法現存三版本，主要發現如下：
一、透過《大般若懺法》與其他重要懺文的比較，可清楚確認《大般若懺法》之禪修功能；從而澄明三峰派懺法具有消災祈福的世俗功能、禪修前方便的除障功能、引導禪修以直顯自性等三重功能。
二、先行研究認為南宗禪未見具體懺法實踐，而《大般若懺法》乃臨濟宗禪師所作，引導大眾於懺悔儀程中修般若空觀，提供了南宗禪融通事懺與理懺、實踐具體懺儀之例證。
三、《大般若懺法》於禮懺儀文，融攝淨土思想與臨濟宗「現前一念清淨心」之修行，乃呈現清初臨濟宗禪、淨關係之重要文獻。

This paper researches Renshan Jizhen’s仁山寂震(1631-1697) Da-Bo-Re-Chan-Fa大般若懺法. Regarding academic discussions on Yuka or Sutra chanting assemblies in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this paper shifts focus from secular aspects, such as praying for blessings and bringing peace to the dead, praying for the nation, to the relationship between repentance and Chan practice. As well as the newly discovered scripture Hanyue Fazang’s漢月法藏(1573-1635) Master Sanfeng Hanyue’s Mind Repentance Ritual三峰和尚心懺, the Da-Bo-Re-Chan-Fa is a rare and precious scripture for studying the Sanfeng Lineage’s repentance ritual. The main fi ndings of this paper are as follows: First, Da-Bo-Re-Chan-Fa’s function of assisting Chan practice can be verifi ed by comparing it with other crucial scriptures, clarifying that the Sanfeng Lineage’s repentance scripture can be used in the ritual to offer prayers for peace and eliminate disasters, used as upāya for eliminating obstructions before chan practice, and assist meditators in manifesting their Buddha nature. Second, preliminary studies have shown no specifi c practice of repentance in the Southern School of Chan. However, Da-Bo-Re-Chan-Fa, a repentance scripture written by Jizhen, Chan master of Linji School, provides an example of the practice of repentance in terms of ultimate truth and practice. Third, Da-Bo-Re-Chan-Fa integrates Pure Land thoughts and the essentials of the Linji School’s practice of“One Thought in Present”in the rites of repentance. Thus, the scripture is crucial for verifying the relationship between Chan and Pure Land in Linji School in the early Qing Dynasty.