離婚時商業保險權益分割的法理邏輯與規範適用

Jurisprudential Logic and Rules Application for Dividing Commercial Insurance Interests upon Divorce

離婚時商業保險權益的分割應當基於保險法和夫妻財產法相協同的視角，以保險法和夫妻財產法上的價值理念和規範原理為宏觀指引，以財產保險和人身保險相區分為基本處理框架，以夫妻財產分割制度的原則、價值目標和一般規範為根本遵循，以保險法相關規則為具體分析工具。離婚時商業保險權益的分割包含積極財產的分割和潛在補償的給付兩部分內容。對於財產保險，其待分割權益主要為保險金，需結合保險標的歸屬和保費來源兩項因素確定不同情形下的保險金分割與經濟補償規則。對於人身保險，其待分割權益主要包括保險金、退保現金價值、保單紅利和投資收益，需區分保障型、儲蓄型和投資型三種不同保險類型，並結合保險合同主體的不同構成、是否產生保險金、保費的不同來源、保險期間是否已完全經過等因素，確定不同情形下具體存在哪些保險權益可供分割、如何予以分割以及如何給付經濟補償。

The division of commercial insurance interests upon divorce should be based on the synergistic perspective of insurance law and matrimonial property law, with the value concepts and normative principles of insurance law and matrimonial property law as the macro-guidance, the distinction between property insurance and personal insurance as the basic processing framework, the principles, value objectives and general norms of the matrimonial property division system as the fundamental basis and constraints, and the relevant rules of the insurance law as the specific analytical and operational tools. Accordingly, it consists of both the division of positive property and the payment of potential economic compensation. In the case of property insurance, the interests to be divided are mainly insurance benefits, and the rules on the division of insurance benefits and economic compensation in different cases must be determined by taking into account the attribution of the subject matter of the insurance and the source of premiums. In the case of insurance of the person, the interests to be divided mainly include insurance benefits, surrender cash value, policy dividends and investment income, for which three different types of insurance, namely, protection, savings and investment, shall be distinguished, and the different composition of the main subjects of the insurance contract, the existence of insurance benefits, different sources of premiums, and whether or not the insurance period has completely passed shall be taken into account to determine which insurance interests are available for dividing, how to divide them and how to pay economic compensation in different circumstances.