民眾對警察執法正當性感知及其影響因素之研究

Public perceptions of police legitimacy and its influential factors

受到人權普世價值的影響，民眾對於警察執法正當性的議題，在當代警政發展，益發受到重視。然而，相較於國外對此一議題的研究，臺灣仍屬萌芽階段，實有從事實證研究的必要性。根據國外文獻，本研究嘗試結合程序正義與分配正義等理論，作為解釋民眾對於警察執法正當性之研究框架，據以探究其是否會影響民眾對我國警察執法正當性的態度與程度。
本研究採取問卷調查法，針對桃園市的居民，以分層隨機的方式，進行抽樣。施測期間為2022年3月至4月，成功回收有效問卷1,147份，回收率達90%。並運用適切的統計工具，進行多變量及結構方程式模型分析。
研究發現如下：男性、年長者、有過與警察接觸經驗的受訪者，較願意服從警察指令並與之合作；程序正義或分配正義確實可以有效地預測民眾對警察執法正當性的感知，但若同時考量程序正義與分配正義時，程序正義對警察執法正當性的感知，並不具顯著的預測力；再者，分配正義與程序正義彼此之間呈現高度的正相關，換言之，程序正義與分配正義同等地影響了民眾對於警察執法正當性的感知。最後，根據本研究發現，提出相關政策建議，提供有關當局參考。

Under the influence of human rights as the universal value, public perceptions on police legitimacy have garnered increasing attention in the contemporary development of policing research. However, research on this topic in Taiwan is still in its infancy compared with the counterpart in other countries. Conducting empirical research on this topic in Taiwan is necessary. According to studies from other countries, the present study combined procedural justice and distributive justice theories to construct a research framework for explaining public perceptions on police legitimacy, to explore whether such perceptions affect the people’s attitude toward the police legitimacy in Taiwan, and to identify the level of influence.
This study adopted a questionnaire survey method. People living in Taoyuan City were sampled through stratified random sampling. The questionnaire was distributed in March to April, 2022. A total of 1147 valid responses were collected, reaching a response rate of 90%. Appropriate statistical tools were employed to perform multivariate and structural equation modeling analyses.
The research results revealed that male, older adults, and respondents with experience of contact with the police had higher willingness to obey orders by the police and cooperate with them. Procedural or distributive justice could effectively predict the public perceptions of police legitimacy. However, when procedural justice and distributive justice are considered concurrently, procedural justice did not generate significant predictive power over public perceptions of police legitimacy. Moreover, distributive justice and procedural justice exhibited highly positive correlation. In other words, procedural justice and distributive justice equally affected the public perceptions of police legitimacy. According to the findings, this study proposed relevant policy-related suggestions as references for the relevant competent authority.