酒駕嚴罰化政策中的法律意識

A Legal Consciousness Study of the Punitive Policies Against Drunk Driving

酒駕問題向為台灣社會深惡痛絕，法律歷經多次修正。對於酒駕嚴罰政策，學說多批判其為民粹主義，卻未多深入探討嚴罰意識從何而來，又是如何形成，本文旨在提出理論模型，以解析社會輿論的建構歷程。
本文應用「法律意識」研究方法，參酌英美及日本研究成果，提出懲罰社會學式的法律意識模型，以剖析社會輿論面貌。觀察嚴罰政策中的法律意識，會發現酒駕議題的嚴罰化始自2010年代，其基本邏輯，是由法學論述的嚇阻典範與道德論述的零容忍所主導，並由傳媒、政府與專家所組成的「鐵三角」與其道德信念變遷所推動。至於「罪」的意識觀，則存在複數犯罪者法律圖像，如妖魔化、治理慾望、差異性的意識觀等面向，共同支撐起刑事政策的基本邏輯。
最終，醉態駕駛罪的法律意識，指向永遠無法達成的司法改革。因此，本文對現行政策提出批判性論述。面對酒駕議題，應採取「減害策略」思維，思考應用社會連帶等替代方案，以減輕酒駕嚴罰政策的惡果，至於其實踐，則仰賴未來偶然翻轉結構的契機。

In Taiwan, drunk driving accidents provokes strong public outcries like no other. Popular demands for an ever-harsher criminal response have only grown in the last two decades. However, a more systemic analysis of the society’s punitive attitudes towards drunk-driving has to date been absent. This Thesis proposes a theoretical model that will break down the construction of public attitudes towards drunk driving.
Drawing on existing Anglo-American and Japanese literature on legal consciousness, this Thesis adopts a penal-sociological model of legal consciousness towards the analysis of the public attitudes behind the punitive policies against drunk-driving. The punitive policies of drunk driving began in the 2010s. On the surface, the logic behind the punitive policies against drunk driving was the legal arguments of general deterrence and the moral arguments of zero tolerance. The legislative dynamics could be deconstructed as the mechanism of the Iron Triangle of the media, government and experts in action, and the changes in moral beliefs. However, the depth consciousness that underlay the punitive policies saw demonization, desire to govern, inversion of the power of difference, and other cultural factors. These factors combined to support the logic of the punitive policies.
In the end, Punitive policies against drunk driving only pointed towards a judicial reform that sees no end in sight. This Thesis presents a comprehensive criticism of the drunk driving laws and a reflexive perspective towards its criticism. It argues that reversing the harm of punitive polices against drunk driving requires the adoption of a harm reduction approach like social solidarity. Its realization, however, will rely on a reversal of structure that will be of contingent nature.