土地徵收的再審視：生活世界的視角

Revisiting Land Expropriation in Taiwan from the Perspectives of Lifeworld

近年來，若以大埔事件為濫觴，土地徵收所造成的侵害居住權、財產權、生存權之案例不勝枚舉。雖然在2012年立法院曾修正《土地徵收條例》加強規範土地徵收的要件審查，但土地掠奪的案例依然層出不窮，尤其政府在媒體上習於宣揚土地開發產生的財政收益以及公共利益來正當化土地徵收。本文使用文獻分析法、參與觀察法、焦點團體法，分析土地開發案例法定流程中的權力運作與後果。本文在理論部分以哈伯瑪斯系統與生活世界的理論視角切入輔以葛凡達權力運作模式分析，以各自救會觀點為主體闡明土地徵收各個階段的狀況。本文的結論主張，現行體制缺乏保障民眾實質參與土地使用與土地徵收的規劃，因此導致土地使用與土地徵收的法定程序之中充斥權力操弄，並誤導社會大眾有關土地徵收的定義與資訊。本文最後提出有關土地徵收體制三點建議。

Land expropriation and forced eviction in Taiwan have become increasingly serious social problems in recent years. In order to pursue economic growth, the government proposes many megaprojects and frequently uses its power of land expropriation to seize private land. The government proclaims that these megaprojects can bring great public benefits to society, which is the main justification for land expropriation. However, many farmers and local residents are forced to leave their homes and farmlands as a result. The goal of this research is to explore the process of land expropriation from the perspectives of residents. We use the perspectives of Habermas’s system and lifeworld and John Gaventa’s three dimensions of power to analyze land expropriation in Taiwan. We conclude that due to the authoritarian land use regime, the public may be misinformed about the facts and so-called“public interests”surrounding land expropriation. In general, the government downplays the number of land takings and overestimates the so-called“public interest.”We suggest including local residents in the process of master plans and development projects to prevent human rights violations.