臺灣南部屏東縣霧台鄉魯凱族植物使用多樣性研究

A Preliminary Study on Diverse Plant Uses of Rukai Tribe in Wutai District of Pingtung County, Southern Taiwan

魯凱族主要集中於臺灣南部屏東縣霧台鄉。由於國內對民族植物學的量化研究較少，本研究於2000-2003年在屏東縣霧台鄉進行採集魯凱族使用的植物與訪談族人以收集相關資料。資料收集記錄每一物種的登錄次數與所有物種的總登錄次數，以計算Shannon-Wiener指數、均勻度指數與稀釋曲線等多樣性指數。本研究訪談37位魯凱族族人並紀錄245種有用途之種類。此245種植物分為食用、藥用、用具、裝飾等13種使用方式，其中，93種為食用植物，73種做為用具，52種做為裝飾，45種為藥用植物等。山芙蓉及埔姜仔有6種用途為最高。藥用植物以冇骨消、大飛揚草最常被提及。Shannon-Wiener指數值為2.27。均勻度指數值為0.95，顯示本地區族人並沒有集中使用於少數物種，不同植物的使用是均等的。魯凱族多樣性指數與稀釋曲線將有助於說明不同地區的民族植物資料。

The Rukai tribe is concentrated in the Wutai Township of Pingtung County, southern Taiwan. From 2000 to 2003 people of the Rukai in Wutai were interviewed on the traditional uses of plants and samples of such plant species were collected in an effort to remedy the situation of insufficient quantitative data on Taiwan’s ethnobotany. The number of citations per species and total number of citations were recorded in order to calculate diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and rarefaction curves. Thirty-seven interviewed informants cited 245 plant species, which were then classified into thirteen types of usages, such as food, medicine, tools, and decoration. Among the 245 plant species, 93 species are used as food, 73 as tools, 52 for decoration and 45 for medicinal purposes. Informants described six types of usages for Hibiscus taiwanensis Hu and Vitex negundo L. Sambucus chinensis Nakai and Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. had the highest number of citations for medicinal usages. The Shannon-Wiener index was 2.27. The evenness values was 0.95, showing that the Wutai Rukai people had a low dominance concerning the uses of a few species and an equitability of plant uses. The diversity indices and the Coleman rarefaction curves of the Taiwan Rukai tribe could be available to compare ethnobotanical data with different areas.