金門的空中孢粉研究

Aeropalynological Study of Kinmen Island, Taiwan

距中國大陸極近的金門，其花粉症及過敏性鼻炎近年來越來越嚴重，為確定花粉及孢子與此現象的關係，我們在2003年進行空中孢粉的研究。空中孢粉收集器設於金門的金湖鎮，裝在一棟10公尺高的房子屋頂。經過一年的收集，總共收得孢粉粒50,278個，有51個分類群已被鑑定出，其中被子植物33科，裸子植物2科及蕨類4科，共39科。本研究中有12個分類群具優勢比率，這些優勢分類群為：木麻黃屬（27.5%）、桑屬（15.2%）、梣屬（12.3%）、松屬（11.3%）、芒萁屬（7.0%）、朴屬（5.0%）、柏屬（4.2%）、猪草屬（4.0%）、禾本科（2.8%）、楓香屬（1.3%）、羅漢松屬（1.1%）、和艾屬（0.5%）。在二月中至六月中能收集到較高濃度的空中花粉。而孢粉優勢種類因季節而異，桑屬、柏屬及楓香屬出現在二月至三月初，松屬為二月及三月，朴屬為三月，木麻黃屬是四、五、六、八月，羅漢松屬由四月底至五月初，梣屬為六月，芒萁屬為六、七月，猪草屬為八月，艾屬為十月，禾本科為十一月。研究期間，木本植物的空中花粉量（79.9%）較非木本植物花粉量（8.5%）及蕨類孢子量（8.1%）為多。引起過敏的猪草屬花粉，在八月達高峰，且日高峰出現於早晨七點至九點。本研究建立了金門地區的2003年孢粉曆，呈現了不同季節的空中孢粉種類和量的變化，並且提供花粉熱更進階研究的基礎。

Hay-fever and allergic rhinitis have been a serious problem in Kinmen, an island close to mainland China. To elucidate the relationship of pollen and spores to such a problem, an aeropalynological study was conducted during 2003 in Kinmen. In Kinmen’s Kin-Hu City, a Burkard seven-day volumetric pollen trap was installed on the roof of a house, about 10 m above the ground, to collect airborne pollen samples. Over a study period of one year, a total of 50,278 pollen grains and fern spores, belonging to 51 taxa of 39 families were identified. Among them, 33 families were angiosperms, two families gymnosperms, and four families ferns. Twelve taxa produced a higher percentage of airborne pollen in this survey. They are Casuarina (27.5%), Morus (15.2%), Fraxinus (12.3%), Pinus (11.3%), Dicranopteris (7.0%), Celtis (5.0%), Juniperus (4.2%), Ambrosia (4.0%), Gramineae (2.8%), Liquidambar (1.3%), Podocarpus (1.1%), and Artemisia (0.5%). The highest concentrations of airborne pollen were detected over the period from mid February to mid June. The dominant pollen species varied with seasons, with Morus, Juniperus and Liquidambar dominating in February and the beginning of March, Pinus in February and March, Celtis in March, Casuarina in April, May, June, and August, Podocarpus from the end of April to the beginning of May, Fraxinus in June, Dicranopteris in June and July, Ambrosia in August, Artemisia in October, and Gramineae in November. Throughout the study time, arboreal pollen (79.9%) was more abundant than non-arboreal pollen (8.5%) and fern spore (8.1%). Ragweed pollen, the allergenic one, reached its maximum in the atmosphere in August and showed a peak of diurnal periodicity at 7:00-9:00 am. As a result of this study, a pollen calendar for Kinmen was established to illustrate the seasonal variations in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of airborne pollen and spores. The data of the present study provide a basis for further pollinosis studies in Kinmen .