北臺灣溫泉區土壤之真菌相

The Mycoflora of Hot Spring Soil in Northern Taiwan

從1999年8月到2000年7月，本實驗調查北臺灣硫磺熱溫泉區土壤的高溫真菌相，結果共分離到十二種分類群：Aspergillus fumigatus var. fumigatus（66.85 %）, A. fumigatus var. 1（綠色菌落）（7.86 %）, A. fumigatus var. 2（褐色菌落）（4.81 %）, A. niger（1.14 %）, unidentified Asperigillus sp.（0.045 %）, Chrysosporium sp.（0.18 %）, Papulaspora thermophila（2.72 %）, Scytalidium thermophilum（0.045%）, Sporotrichum sp.（0.045%）, Mycelia sterilia sp. 1（白色菌落）（6.63%）, Mycelia sterilia sp. 2（黃色菌落）（5.27%）和Mycelia sterilia sp. 3（灰色菌落）（4.405 %）.由三個採樣位置的土壤：位置1（熱溫泉頭），位置2（離位置1，二公尺處），位置3（離位置1，四公尺處），共分離出2202個菌落。而菌種之百分比分別為：位置1有九種分類群，佔32.92 %；位置2有十一種分類群，佔37.87 %；位置3有八種分類群，佔29.21%。優勢種Aspergillus fumigatus var. fumigatus於三個採樣點全年均可分離到。A. fumigatus var. 1出現於2000年二月和七月。A. fumigatus var. 2出現於1999年八月和十月。在採樣區熱溫泉生態區，發現A. fumigatus complex具有生態型。Chrysosporium sp. and Sporotrichum sp.僅出現在未經熱水處理的土壤，而Aspergillus sp. and Scytalidium thermophilum出現在經熱水處理過的土壤（30 min，60℃）。未經熱水處理的土壤與事先經熱水處理過的土壤，真菌群落之P值為0.866，顯示兩種處理後結果差異性不大。

An investigation of the mycoflora in northern Taiwan from August 1999 to June 2000, particularly of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi inhabiting sulfurous hot spring soils, resulted in identification 12 taxa: Aspergillus fumigatus var. fumigatus (66.85 %), A. fumigatus var. 1 with green colony (7.86 %), A. fumigatus var. 2 with brown colony (4.81 %), A. niger (1.14 %), unidentified Asperigillus sp. (0.045 %), Chrysosporium sp. (0.18 %), Papulaspora thermophila (2.72 %), Scytalidium thermophilum (0.045 %), Sporotrichum sp. (0.045 %), Mycelia sterilia sp.1 with white colony (6.63 %), Mycelia sterilia sp.2 with yellow colony (5.27 %) and Mycelia sterilia sp. 3 with gray colony (4.405 %). A total of 2202 colonies were isolated from three sampling sites: site 1 (hot springhead), site 2 (2 m from site 1) and site 3 (4 m from site 1). Fungal colonies isolated as well as species percentage at three sites were as follows: 32.92 % in 9 taxa from site 1, 37.87 % in 11 taxa from site 2, and 29.21 % in 8 taxa from site 3. The dominant species was Aspergillus fumigatus var. fumigatus, which was isolated year around from three sampling sites. A. fumigatus var. 1 appeared from February to June 2000. A. fumigatus var. 2 was isolated only in August and October 1999. Within the sampling range of hot spring niches, there was evidence of the presence of ecotypes in the A. fumigatus complex. Chrysosporium sp. and Sporotrichum sp. were isolated only from the soils without hot water treatment, but Aspergillus sp. and Scytalidium thermophilum were isolated only from the soils pre-treated with hot water for 30 min. at 60℃. The significance level (P value) of fungal communities between hot water treatment and no treatment was 0.866, indicating that no significant difference between both treatments.