淡水地區空中孢粉之研究

Aeropalynological Study in Taipei County (Tan-Shui), 1993

本實驗以英製孢粉收集器（Burkard seven-day volumetric recording trap）收集淡水地區1993年全年的空中孢粉，經由光學顯微鏡下鑑定和計數的結果發現，本地空中孢粉主要來源以風媒種類為主，只有少數來自蟲媒花。全年所有出現的花粉種類中，裸子植物佔4科5屬，被子植物有57科88屬，而蕨類植物佔16科20屬。就數量而言，構樹屬（Broussonetia）花粉出現量佔全年總量的73.7%，為第一優勢花粉種類；次為山黃麻屬（Trema），佔7.4%；再次為苧麻屬（Boehmeria）和紫金牛屬（Ardisia），分別佔2.8%和2.4%。由逐日孢粉量分析反應出全年有二個明顯的主要花季：一為三月至五月（春季），為最重要的開花季節，豐富的孢粉量由各樹種花粉構成；另一為八月下旬至十月初（約在秋季），為時較短，主要由各草本花粉和蕨類孢子組成，其孢粉種類和孢粉數量，均無法與春季之孢粉量相提並論。由一日24小時孢粉量逐時變化趨勢（Diurnal variation）分析發現，有63%以上的種類，在上午達到當日出現量的高峰，顯示多數種類之花藥是受到白日溫度升高、相對濕度降低的氣象因子影響而開裂，並釋出花粉。構樹屬花粉在三月出現量高的數天內，在夜間另有高峰之出現量，根據氣象資料研判，此可能與夜間逆溫層之出現有關。由孢粉曆之建立，配合一日間孢粉最高量之出現時段，可提供淡水地區花粉過敏症研究之基本資料，以期發現可能導致過敏之孢粉種類。

An aeropalynological study was performed in the Tan-Shui area of Taipei County during 1993. A total of 128 taxa belonging to 77 families were identified. The dominant pollen were of genera Broussonetia (73.7%), Trema (7.4%), Boehmeria (2.8%), and Ardisia (2.4 %). There were two major pollen seasons: March to May and August to October. The major pollen types changed with seasons: tree pollen in spring, fern spores with some weed pollen in summer and weed pollen in autumn. The majority of collected pollen were of anemophilous species. There existed a diurnal variation in the amount of airborne pollen within a day: with the highest peak occurring in the morning. On the basis of the present study, a pollen calendar was provided for the Tan-Shui area.