《臺灣鄭氏紀事》與鄭成功和臺灣歷史書寫：從江戶日本到清末中國

Chronicle of the Zheng Family of Taiwan and Historical Writings on Zheng Chenggong and Taiwan: From Edo Japan to Late Qing China

《臺灣鄭氏紀事》的內容以鄭成功家族事蹟為主，是水戶藩儒者川口長孺受藩主德川齊脩指示所編纂的臺灣史書。《臺灣割據志》則是《臺灣鄭氏紀事》的底稿。本文首先透過對這兩個版本的檢討，探究在《臺灣鄭氏紀事》編纂過程中，明清中國所生產關於鄭氏家族和臺灣史的文本在江戶日本的脈絡中，如何被閱讀、轉譯和重新詮釋等問題，以論證水戶藩儒者如何建構具日本中心華夷秩序觀念的臺灣歷史書寫的過程與意義。其次，筆者論析《臺灣鄭氏紀事》對於江戶後期乃至明治時期鄭成功和臺灣歷史書寫的影響。其中，本文特別關注《臺灣鄭氏紀事》出版後，在幕末、明治時期，受西方勢力進逼和江戶儒學發展的影響下，鄭成功的日本母親如何逐漸受到關注與討論，及其母親之「烈婦」形象與鄭成功之日本英雄形象形成的關聯。然後，討論鄭成功活躍於海洋的事蹟如何被收編為日本歷史記憶的過程。《臺灣鄭氏紀事》與明治時期出現的「臺灣舊領」（臺灣是日本舊有領土）論述之關聯，也是本文關注的重點。最後，本文也探究江戶時代以來有關鄭成功和臺灣的歷史書寫又如何在清末中國的脈絡中被利用、重新詮釋。進而，我們將在東亞知識史、思想史乃至全球史視野中，思考《臺灣鄭氏紀事》的意義與重要性，及東亞內部知識流動的特質。

Taiwan Tei shi kiji臺灣鄭氏紀事(Chronicle of the Zheng Family of Taiwan) is a historical work detailing the affairs of Zheng Chenggong’s鄭成功(also known as Koxinga國姓爺, 1624–1662) family and was compiled by Kawaguchi Choju川口長孺(1772–1835), a Confucian scholar of the Mito domain of the Edo period, after receiving an order from the daimyo of Mito, Tokugawa Narinobu德川齊脩(1797–1829). To compile the book, Kawaguchi based it on Taiwan kakkyochi臺灣割據志(History of an Autonomous Taiwan), and after accepting the suggestions of his peers, revised and published Chronicle of the Zheng Family of Taiwan. In the present paper, I first examine the similarities and differences between the two works. Second, to demonstrate how Mito Confucian scholars constructed Taiwan historical writings with a Japanese-centered worldview, I explore how texts on the Zheng family and Taiwan history produced in Ming and Qing China were read, translated, and reinterpreted in the context of Edo Japan during the compilation of Chronicle of the Zheng Family of Taiwan. Subsequently, the influence of Chronicle of the Zheng Family of Taiwan on the representations of Zheng Chenggong and Taiwan historical writings from the late Edo to Meiji period is discussed. In this section, I pay close attention to how Zheng Chenggong’s Japanese mother gradually attracted the attention of scholars and initiated discussion during the late Edo and Meiji following the publication of the work, as well as scrutinizing the relationship between the image of Zheng’s mother as a virtuous woman and his image as a Japanese hero under the pressure of approaching Western power and the influence of Edo Confucianism. Fourth, I explore how Zheng Chenggong’s maritime commercial activities and political endeavors were woven into Japan’s historical memory. I then proceed to expound the relationship between Chronicle of the Zheng Family of Taiwan and the discourse on Taiwan originally being part of Japan, which emerged in the Meiji period. Finally, this paper analyzes how the historical writings concerning Zheng Chenggong and Taiwan from the Edo period and onward were utilized and reinterpreted in the context of late Qing China. Through the above, the present paper sheds light on the meanings underlying the compilation of Chronicle of the Zheng Family of Taiwan and the characteristics of knowledge circulation within East Asia from the perspectives of East Asian knowledge and intellectual history and even global history.