宋代禪門筆記對叢林遺聞實況的書寫與評斷

Record and Comment of Anecdotes and Historical Fact of Buddhist Temples in Zen Sketches during the Song Dynasty

宋代禪門筆記是以隨筆的方式記錄禪林遺聞的書寫型態。本文以瑣聞性質的禪門筆記為研究範疇，包括惠洪《林間錄》、道謙編《宗門武庫》，曉瑩《羅湖野錄》、《雲臥紀談》，道融《叢林盛事》、圜悟《枯崖漫錄》等，從禪門筆記的兩大書寫面向：禪僧遺聞和士僧互動，來討論其於叢林軼事和發展實況的紀錄和評斷。禪門筆記繼承野史雜錄生動活潑的書寫風格，聚焦於生活細節的描述，以體現當時禪僧的特殊品格和精神風貌，以及禪僧與文人互動的慧黠風度。作為宋代禪林實況的觀察者，作者以補史的自覺定位，揭示宗門文化風氣和處俗態度的轉變並提出警誡或針砭，顯示筆記書寫時代禪林遺聞軼事和文化現象的背後，對禪門發展的深層憂慮，具有反映宋代禪門實況和宗教潮流轉折的歷史意義與文獻價值。

Zen sketches in the Song Dynasty are the essay writing which records the situations of Buddhist temple in Song Dynasty. This paper focuses on narrative Zen sketches of Zen monks in the Song Dynasty, including “Lin Jian Lu” by Hui Hung, “Zong Men Wu Ku” by Tao Qian Bian, “Lo Hu Yeh Lu” by Xiao Ying, “Yun Wo Ji Tan”, “Cong Lin Sheng Shih” by Tao Rong and “Ku Ai Men Lu” by Huan Wu. It observes the writing and criticism on the anecdotes of Buddhist temples in the Song Dynasty in Zen sketches. Zen sketches are based on the lively writing style of unofficial history and records. They lack structures and each story is independent. The writing focuses on the details of one event to show the unique personality and spirit of Zen monks, and highlights the characters by focused description. The stories of the interaction among Zen monks reveal their wisdom in the discussion of Zen. The writers of the sketches as the observers of the situations of Buddhist temples in the Song Dynasty, they positioned themselves as historians. The Record contains personal criticism including warning or comment on the change of Zen monks towards the world, schools and experiences of Zen monks, and change of cultural climate of Buddhist temples. Between narration and criticism, it shows the writers' in-depth concerns for future Zen development by recording the situations of Buddhist temples at the time. The anecdotes and cultural phenomenon of Buddhist temples collected by the writers are the important historical materials to approach the development of Zen Buddhism in the Song Dynasty.