善前而惡後：論《三國志後傳》漢晉「正統」之移轉

On the Spot within Good and Evil: The Orthodox Transferring between Han and Jin in San-guo-zhi Hou-zhuan

《三國志後傳》為《三國演義》之續書，在三家歸晉後，因「人心思漢」而由劉淵復國於胡地，並以王師之姿攻陷京城，擄掠懷、愍二帝，藉此饜足讀者。雖然作者同情炎劉，但其筆鋒橫亙諸亂交加的漫長時局，「漢」為「正」而「晉」為「逆」的陟黜標準，亦因不同陣營人物的固執不屈，相互碰撞，構成了是非評價的缺口。小說家無意（或無法）拋棄史傳束縛，既未替劉淵、劉聰、劉燦三代之暴行諱飾，又敘述劉曜、石勒、曹嶷「善前而惡後」的交誼不永，遂使全書充滿了反諷。此外，當劉琨、祖逖、陶侃等為司馬氏奉獻忠義，讓晉祚賡續於江左，劉家卻選擇「改號棄漢」，自絕民望。漢趙的沉淪，喪失了「正統」的道德制高點，迂迴地實現「晉承漢統」的歷史演進。

San-guo-zhi Hou-zhuan is the sequel to Romance of the Three Kingdom. After the Jin Dynasty unified the three kingdoms, Liu Yuan rebuilt the country in northern China because people missed Shu Han, and led the descendants of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and others to attack Luoyang and Changan. The novelist wrote the plots in which the Han army captured Emperor Huai and Min to get revenge to satisfy the unbalanced psychology of the readers. While the author sympathized with Shu Han, he originally supported that Han Dynasty represented the positive side and the Jin Dynasty represented the negative side and the morality was gradually shaken by the performance of figures in different camps because of thousands of rebellions. Not only did the novelist concealed the atrocities of Liu Yuan, Liu Cong, and Liu Can, he also described the process of which Liu Yao, Shi Le, and Cao Ni went from friendship to break up in detail and led to the division of Han Zhao making the novel ironic. Furthermore, while Liu Kun, Zu Ti, Tao Kan, and others worked hard to dedicate their loyalty to the Sima family, the Liu family changed the name of nation from ‘Han' to ‘Zhao'. People turned into their identifications with the Jin Dynasty from Han Dynasty, while Han no longer exists. The fall of Han Zhao lost the moral commanding heights of ‘orthodox' in the chaos and realized the historical evolution of the so-called ‘Jin inherited the orthodox of Han' in Han-jin Chun-qiu in a roundabout way.