戰敗初期日本學制改革經過之探討

本文的主要目的，在探討戰敗初期的日本學制之改革，是否由美國強制所實施的？戰敗不到二年，為何就實施新學制？ 本文探討後的主要結論是： 一、戰敗初期的日本學制之改革，雖然美國是取主動的立場，但美國卻不單方面的強制日本採取六三三四學制，而在學理上，日本方面的教育者也贊同採用六三三四學制。 二、在學制改革的歷程中，日本文部省所負的責任並不大，而主要的任務是由民間情報局的美國教育專家、美國教育使節團、和日本方面的教育者來推動。 三、戰敗初期的日本經濟情況頗為惡劣，所以日本政府有意將實施新學制的日期延後，但美國的壓力很大，結果戰敗後不到二年就實施新學制。

This paper investigates the development of school system reform in the first years of past war Japan; whether the school system reform was carried out under the U.S. compulsion or not? Why the new school system was put into practices in less than two years after the War? These problems and others were taken into consideration. We have got conclusion as follows: 1. The U.S. was unwilling to force Japan to adapt the 6-3-3-4 system， though it took the initiative and played an active role in making the school system reform; most Japanese educators were in favor of adopting the 6-3-3-4 systems in theory. 2. The Ministry of Education of Japan played a comparatively minor part in the development of school system reform. The task was done by the Japanese educators working in close cooperation with the United States Education Mission to Japan and the American educational experts in the Civil Information and Education Section. 3. The Past War Japan’s economy was in an extremely difficult condition and the Japanese government had a strong intention to postpone the enforcement of the New School System. But with a great pressure from the U.S.， they finally put it into practice in less than two years after the war.