鄉村發展特性分類之研究——以雲林及嘉義縣為例

Classification of Rural Areas by Development Characteristics——A Case Study of Yunlin and Chiayi County

過去我國空間規劃與發展進程中，長期偏重於都市計畫地區的發展，對於鄉村地區發展缺乏適當定位，僅是透過消極的的管制方式為之，而非以「整體規劃」為導向施行全面性的策略。未考量個別鄉村特性及發展需求進行規劃及投入資源，導致今日面臨諸多課題。而今「全國國土計畫」推動「鄉村地區整體規劃」，是鄉村地區再生與轉型的契機。鄉村地區的特性因位處不同的國土空間架構中而有所不同，如何從大空間尺度檢視並思考各鄉村地區的發展定位，形成具有區域尺度的新型態城鄉結構顯得尤為重要。而將鄉村類型化，能使政策更貼近於鄉村的實際樣貌，解決規劃者不易掌握鄉村特性的問題。故本研究欲建立鄉村分類框架，藉此對其發展特性進行解析，以回應規劃政策。
本研究以跨縣市之區域尺度範圍操作，以擁有高比例非都市人口的雲林及嘉義縣為研究地區。並以鄉村區作為空間單元，相較過去以鄉鎮市區為單元的研究，將有更為細緻的成果。研究設計基於「鄉村類型學」建立分類框架，指標構面包含時間維度與空間維度的觀點，除了「經濟結構」，更納入「發展動態」及「空間區位」構面，分別探討鄉村成長或衰退的趨勢、鄉村與城市乃至於與區域間的關係特性及互動的可能性。研究運用二階段集群分析法得出五類不同的鄉村類型，分別為衰退山區邊陲鄉村、衰退偏遠農業鄉村、衰退農業鄉村、都市周邊混合機能聚落及其他鄉村。最後，依據分類結果進行討論，並運用空間自相關對其空間特性予以解析，期作為後續政策或空間規劃之參考。

In the past, spatial planning in Taiwan has focused on the development of urban areas and thus overlooked rural areas. The rural strategy was only regulations on land use control, rather than the integrated development plan.“National Spatial Plan”is an opportunity for the regeneration and transformation of rural areas, which highlights the goals of sustainable land management as well as promotion of“Planning of Rural Areas.”Based on the importance of forming a new spatial structure in Taiwan, this study conducts an examination from a regional perspective, focusing on the rural development characteristics of the rural areas of Yunlin and Chiayi County.
Consequently, this study aims to classify rural areas by the approach of rural typology, in terms of their dimensions of development dynamics, economic structure, and location. The study uses two-step cluster analysis methods to classify rural areas into five types. This classification shows the differences in their spatial characteristics along with their development process through the time span, as well as the relationship between these rural areas and the overall region in which they are located. Those spatial characteristics are also consistent with the spatial autocorrelation analysis result. This manuscript provides a more accurate description, and this information can serve as a useful resource for those who are developing new plans and policies. In this way, a better integration can be carved out between urban and rural planning.