母親就業與就讀國小子女學業成就之關係

A Study of School Achievement Among Elementary School Students with Working and Nonworking Mothers

本研究乃一兩年的縱貫研究。其目的主要在探討母親就業與未就業，其子女之學業成就有無顯著差異。附帶探討母親就業情況不同，對不同性別子女之學業有無交互作用存在。 研究對象選取自高雄市中心的大同國小及新社區的十全國小。經分層隨機抽樣共選取270位。其中大同國小選取90位，母親在外就職、兼職及家管者各30位，男女參半。十全國小取180位，三種母親就業組各取60位，男女參半。每位受試者皆有28種學業分數。即國語、數學、常識及三種平均等四種分數的一、二年級上學期、下學期、全學年及兩年平均成績。本研究即根據此28種分數統計分析。 受試者於一年級時實施兩種智力測驗，即瑞文氏彩色智力測驗及修訂基爾文兒童能力測驗。此二種分數轉換成標準分數，平均之，代表該生的智力。學業成就則以上述四種分數的學期成績為主。將兩學期平均為學年成績。兩個學年成績平均，即為兩年平績。平研究採用多重分類的共變數分析法、控制智力，加以分析。 研究結果發現，母親就業情況不同，其子女的學業成就沒有顯著差異；母親就與子女學業成就之間亦無交互作用存在，即母親就業情況不同，不同性別子女的學業成就，無顯著差異。

This was a two year follow-up study. This study sought to determine if there were differences in school achievement among 270 pupils that were categorized according to their mother’s work history. Differences in ability among the children were controlled by holding IQ constant by using analysis of covariance----multiple classification. The finding revealed that 1) there were no significant differences in school achievement among the children whose mothers worked full-time， part-time or not at all; 2) boys and girls did not differ in school achievement among the three maternal employment groups.