國際投資協定企業社會責任條款的適用問題初探

A Preliminary Study on the Application of Corporate Social Responsibility Clause in International Investment Agreements

近年來，新一代國際投資協定逐漸納入企業社會責任條款，鼓勵技資者將國際公認的企業社會責任軟法規範內化為公司政策，採取負責任商業行為的最佳做法。然而，現有的企業社會責任條款措辭柔和、內容空泛且缺乏強制執行機制，可適用性不強。在投資仲裁實踐中，仲裁庭在面對涉及投資者與有過錯的抗辯和爭議時，對於是否以及如何歸責於投資者，也常因責任依據不足和解釋標準缺失等原因而略顯無所適從。企業社會責任規則在適用中缺乏一種能夠確保投資者切實踐行所倡導的高標準道德行為的保障機制。當前，ISDS機制呈現“投資者訴東道國”的單向仲裁特徵。未來，可以考慮構建“東道國訴投資者”反向仲裁機制，通過向投資者施壓，促使其履行社會責任，推動實現可持續投資。

In recent years, the new generation of international investment agreements has progressively incorporated the clause of corporate social responsibility (CSR), encouraging investors to internalize internationally recognized soft law norms on CSR into their company policies and to pursue best practices of responsible business conduct. However, the existing CSR clauses are weakly worded with vague and general content, and also lack an enforceable mechanism, resulting in their inadequate applicability. In investment arbitration practice, arbitral tribunals are often at a loss in the face of defenses and controversies involving investors' contributory behaviors as to whether and how to attribute corresponding responsibility to foreign investors due to insufficient legal basis for liability and the lack of interpretive standards. The application of CSR provisions lacks an effective mechanism that would ensure investors to earnestly carry out the advocated high-standard ethical conduct. Currently, the ISDS mechanism is characterized by one-way arbitration of ''investor v. host State''. In the future, the establishment of a ''host state v. investor'' reverse arbitration mechanism could be considered to promote sustainable investment by pressuring investors to fulfill their social responsibilities.